Local atomic and electronic structure of Pt-Os nanoplates and nanofibers derived from the single-source precursor (NH4)2[Pt0.5Os0.5Cl6]
Source abstract
Abstract
Nowadays, Pt-Os binary systems are mainly considered as catalysts and electrocatalysts, but the role of Os in these processes is still poorly understood. The electronic structure of Pt-Os nanosystems remains a few studied as well. Using bimetallic (NH4)2[Pt0.5Os0.5Cl6] as a single-source precursor for preparing Pt-Os nanoalloy through the thermal decomposition in hydrogen and inert atmospheres, the relation of morphology, atomic ordering, and electronic structure of Pt-Os nanoalloy was examined by in situ Quick XAFS, XPS, PXRD, SEM, and HRTEM techniques. Being the only variable parameter, the decomposition atmosphere was found to govern the morphology of the Pt-Os nanoalloy and change the atomic ordering (alloying extent), which involves a change in the electronic structure. In a hydrogen atmosphere, the nanofibers (NFs) (ø ~ 5–6 nm) with the atomic ordering Oscore&Pt-richshell were observed to form; in a nitrogen atmosphere, thin nanoplates (NPLs) (~ 12 nm) with the atomic architecture Os-richcore&Pt-richshell were found out. The depletion in the Os 5d5/2 and Pt 5d5/2,3/2 states was revealed for Pt-Os nanoalloys. This unusual result disagrees with the known d-band theory and indicates that there is a gain of non-d conduction electron counts at one or both sites. Mixed conductivity may exist in such Pt-Os nanoalloy that may be responsible for a manifestation of new physical properties of this binary system .
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion · Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques · Machine Learning in Materials Science
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (89)
Show source-provided references
1. Tao F, Grass ME, Zhang Y, Butcher DR, Renzas JR, Liu Z, Chung JY, Mun BS, Salmeron M, Somoriari GA (2008) Reaction-driven restructuring of Rh-Pd and Pt-Pd core-shell nanoparticles. Science 322:932–934. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.116417010.1126/science.1164170 ↗
2. Lim B, Jiang M, Camargo PHC, Cho EC, Tao J, Lu X, Zhu Y, Xia Y (2009) Pd-Pt bimetallic nanodendrites with high activity for oxygen reduction. Science 324:1302–1305. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.117037710.1126/science.1170377 ↗
3. Szumelda T, Drelinkiewicz A, Kosydar R, Gurgul J, Duraczynska D (2021) Synthesis of carbon-supported bimetallic palladium-iridium catalysts by microemulsion: characterization and electrocatalystic properties. J Mater Sci 56:392–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05277-z10.1007/s10853-020-05277-z ↗
4. Pan Y, Qian Y, Zheng X, Chu SQ, Yang Y, Ding C, Wang X, Yu SH, Jiang HL (2021) Natl Sci 8:nwaa224. https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaa22410.1093/nsr/nwaa224 ↗
5. Xia S, Fang L, Meng Y, Zhang X, Zhang L, Yang C, Ni Z (2020) Water-gas shift reaction catalyzed by layered double hydroxides supported Au-Ni/Cu/Pt bimetallic alloys. Appl Catal B 272:118949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.11894910.1016/j.apcatb.2020.118949 ↗
6. Han B, Carlton C, Kongkanand A, Kukreja RS, Theobald BR, Gan L, O’Malley R, Strasser P, Wagner FT, Shao-Horn Y (2015) Record activity and stability of dealloyed bimetallic catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Energy Environ Sci 8:258–266. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4EE02144D10.1039/C4EE02144D ↗
7. Liu W, Huang J (2009) Electro-oxidation of formic acid on carbon supported Pt-Os catalyst. J Power Sources 189:1012–1015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.12.08010.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.12.080 ↗
8. Lee YJ, Hsieh YC, Tsai HC, Lu IT, Wu YH, Yu TH, Lee JF, Merinov BV, Goddard WA III, Wu PW (2014) Dealloyed Pt2Os nanoparticles for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction in acidic electrolytes. Appl Catal b: Environmental 150–151:636–646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.01.00410.1016/j.apcatb.2014.01.004 ↗
9. Zhu Y, Cabrera CR (2001) Methanol oxidation at the electrochemical codeposited Pt-Os composite electrode. Electrochem Solid-State Lett 4:A45–A48. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1354697710.1149/1.13546977 ↗
10. Kim J, Kim S, Rhee CK (2011) Preoxidation of CO on Os-Modified Pt(111): a comparison with Ru-modified Pt(111). Langmuir 27:2044–2051. https://doi.org/10.1021/la103256k10.1021/la103256k ↗
11. Santiago EI, Giz MJ, Ticianelli EA (2003) Studies of carbon monoxide oxidation on carbon-supported platinum-osmium electrocatalysts. J Solid State Electrochem 7:607–613. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-003-0390-z10.1007/s10008-003-0390-z ↗
12. Zhang J, Vukmirovic MB, Sasaki K, Nilekar AU, Mavrikakis M, Adzic RR (2005) Mixed-metal Pt monolayer electrocatalysts for enhanced oxygen reduction kinetics. J Am Chem Soc 127:12480–12481. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja053695i10.1021/ja053695i ↗
13. Tsai HC, Hsieh YC, Yu TH, Lee YJ, Wu YH, Merinov BV, Wu PW, Chen SY, Adzic RR, Goddard WA III (2015) DFT study of oxygen reduction reaction on Os/Pt core-shell catalysts validated by electrochemical experiment. ACS Catal 5:1568–1580. https://doi.org/10.1021/cs501020a10.1021/cs501020a ↗
14. Wang J, Liu D, Li L, Qi X, Xiong K, Ding W, Chen S, Wei Z (2017) Origin of the enhanced catalytic activity of PtM/Pd (111) with doped atoms changing from chemically inert Au to active Os. J Phys Chem C 121:8781–8786. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b0162410.1021/acs.jpcc.7b01624 ↗
15. Wu D, Kusada K, Yamamoto T, Toriyama T, Matsumura S, Kawaguchi S, Kubota Y, Kitagawa H (2020) Platinum-group-metal high-entropy-alloy nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 142:13833–13838. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c0480710.1021/jacs.0c04807 ↗
16. Yusenko K, Riva S, Carvalho P, Yusenko M, Arnaboldi S, Sukhikh A, Hanfland M, Gromilov S (2017) First hexagonal close packed high-entropy alloy with outstanding stability under extreme conditions and electrocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation. Scr Mater 138:22–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2017.05.02210.1016/j.scriptamat.2017.05.022 ↗
17. Kusada K, Wu D, Kitagawa H (2020) New aspects of platinum group metal-based solid-solution alloy nanoparticles: binary to high-entropy alloys. Chem Eur J 26:5105–5130. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.20190392810.1002/chem.201903928 ↗
18. Rhee CK, Wakisaka M, Tolmachev YV, Johnston CM, Haasch R, Attenkofer K, Lu GQ, You H, Wieckowski A (2003) Osmium nanoislands spontaneously deposited on a Pt(111) electrode: an XPS, STM, and GIF-XAS study. J Electroanal Chem 554–555:367–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(03)00256-010.1016/S0022-0728(03)00256-0 ↗
19. Ku B, Jung C, Rhee CK (2006) Atomic arrangements inside Ru and Os nanoislands spontaneously deposited on Pt(111). J Phys Chem B 110:13425–13429. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp062143z10.1021/jp062143z ↗
20. Takagi N, Ishimura K, Matsui M, Fukuda R, Ehara M, Sakaki S (2017) Core-shell versus other structures in binary Cu38-nMn nanoclusters (M = Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Os, Ir, Pt, and Au; n=1, 2, and 6): theoretical insight into determining factors. J Phys Chem C 121:10514–10528. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b1308610.1021/acs.jpcc.6b13086 ↗
21. Schweitzer N, Xin H, Nikolla E, Miller JT, Linic S (2010) Establishing relationships between the geometric structure and chemical reactivity of alloy catalysts based on their measured electronic structure. Top Catal 53:348–356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-010-9448-110.1007/s11244-010-9448-1 ↗
22. Ishimoto T, Koyama M (2016) Electronic structure and phase stability of PdPt nanoparticles. J Phys Chem Lett 7:736–740. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b0275310.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02753 ↗
23. Xia M, Liu Y, Wei Z, Chen S, Xiong K, Li L, Ding W, Hu J, Wan LJ, Li R, Alvia SF (2013) Pd-induced Pt(IV) reduction to form Pd@Pt/CNT core@shell catalyst for a more complete oxygen reduction. J Mater Chem A 1:14443–14448. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3TA13139D10.1039/C3TA13139D ↗
24. Ferrando R, Jellinek J, Johnston RL (2008) Nanoalloys: from theory to applications of alloy clusters and nanoparticles. Chem Rev 108:845–910. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr040090g10.1021/cr040090g ↗
25. Battaini P (2011) Microstructure analysis of selected platinum alloys. Platinum Metals Rev 55:74–83. https://doi.org/10.1595/147106711X55400810.1595/147106711X554008 ↗
26. Gromilov SA, Shubin YV, Gubanov AI, Maksimovskii EA, Korenev SV (2009) X-ray study of the thermolysis products of (NH4)2[OsCl6]x[PtCl6]1-x. J Struct Chem 50:1121–1125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10947-009-0164-210.1007/s10947-009-0164-2 ↗
27. Ferro R, Saccone A (2008) Intermetallic chemistry. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Oxford
28. Shibata T, Bunker BA, Zhang Z, Meisel D, Vardeman CF, Gezelter JD (2002) Size-dependent spontaneous alloying of Au-Ag nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 124:11989–11996. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja026764r10.1021/ja026764r ↗
29. Yasuda H, Mori H, Komatsu M, Takeda K, Fujit H (1992) In situ observation of spontaneous alloying in atom clusters. J Electron Microsc 41:267–269. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jmicro.a05097010.1093/oxfordjournals.jmicro.a050970 ↗
30. Joubert J-M, Crivello J-C, Yusenko K V (2021) Modification of Lu’s (2005) high pressure model for improved high pressure/high temperature extrapolations. Part II: modeling of osmium-platinum system at high pressure/high temperature. Calphad 74:102311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2021.10231110.1016/j.calphad.2021.102311 ↗
31. Briois V, La Fontaine C, Belin S, Barthe L, Moreno T, Pinty V, Carcy A, Girardot R, Fonda E (2016) ROCK: the new Quick-EXAFS beamline at SOLEIL. J Phys: Conf Ser 712:012149. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/712/1/01214910.1088/1742-6596/712/1/012149 ↗
32. Yusenko KV, Spektor K, Khandarkhaeva S, Fedotenko T, Pakhomova A, Kupenko I, Rohrbach A, Klemme S, Crichton WA, Dyachkova TV, Tyutyunnik AP, Zainulin YG, Dubrovinsky LS, Gromilov SA (2020) Decomposition of single-source precursors under high-temperature high-pressure to access osmiumeplatinum refractory alloys. J Alloys Compd 813:152121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.15212110.1016/j.jallcom.2019.152121 ↗
33. Verde-Gomez Y, Alonso-Nunez G, Cervantes F, Keer A (2003) Aqueous solution reaction to synthesize ammonium hexachloroplatinate and its crystallographic and thermogravimetric characterization. Mater Lett 57:4667–4672. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-577X(03)00381-110.1016/S0167-577X(03)00381-1 ↗
34. Villars P (2016) PAULING FILE in: Inorganic solid phases, Springermaterials. Springer, Heidelberg. https://materials.springer.com/isp/crystallographic/docs/sd_1938608.
35. Lesage C, Devers E, Legens C, Fernandes G, Roudenko O, Briois V (2019) High pressure cell for edge jumping X-ray absorption spectroscopy: applications to industrial liquid sulfidation of hydrotreatment catalysts. Catal Today 336:63–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2019.01.08110.1016/j.cattod.2019.01.081 ↗
36. La Fontaine C, Barthe L, Rochet A, Briois V (2013) X-ray absorption spectroscopy and heterogeneous catalysis: performances at the SOLEIL’s SAMBA beamline. Catal Today 205:148–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2012.09.03210.1016/j.cattod.2012.09.032 ↗
37. Ravel B, Newville M (2005) Athena, Artemis, Hephaestus: data analysis for X-ary absorption spectroscopy using IFEFFIT. J Synchrotron Radiat 12:537–541. https://doi.org/10.1107/S090904950501271910.1107/S0909049505012719 ↗
38. Newville M (2001) IFEFFIT: interactive XAFS analysis and FEFF fitting. J Synchrotron Radiat 8:322–324. https://doi.org/10.1107/S090904950001696410.1107/S0909049500016964 ↗
39. Cotton FA, Rice CE (1977) Structure of the high-temperature form of osmium(IV) chloride. Inorg Chem 16:1865–1867. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50174a00810.1021/ic50174a008 ↗
40. Cotton SA (1997) Chemistry of precious metals. Springer, Dordrecht10.1007/978-94-009-1463-6 ↗
41. Materials Data on RuCl3 by Materials Project. United States: N. p., 2020. https://doi.org/10.17188/127604210.17188/1276042 ↗
42. Frenkel AI, Wang Q, Sanchez SI, Small MW, Nuzzo RG (2013) Short range order in bimetallic nanoalloys: an extended X-ray absorption fine structure study. J Chem Phys 138:064202. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.479050910.1063/1.4790509 ↗
43. Hwang BJ, Sarma LS, Chen LM, Chen CH, Shin SC, Wang GR, Liu DG, Lee JF, Tang MT (2005) Structural models and atomic distribution of bimetallic nanoparticles as investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 127:11140–11145. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja052661810.1021/ja0526618 ↗
44. Sham TK, Ward MJ, Murphy MW, Liu LJ, Han WQ (2013) Pt L3,2-edge whiteline anomaly and its implications for the chemical behaviour of Pt 5d5/2 and 5d3/2 electronic states – a study of Pt-Au nanowires and nanoparticles. J Phys Conf Ser 430:012018. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/430/1/01201810.1088/1742-6596/430/1/012018 ↗
45. Rehr JJ, Kas JJ, Vila FD, Prange MP, Jorissen K (2010) Parameter-free calculations of X-ray spectra with FEFF9. Phys Chem Chem Phys 12:5503–5513. https://doi.org/10.1039/B926434E10.1039/b926434e ↗
46. de Juan A, Rutan SC, Tauler R (2009) Two-way data analysis: multivariate curve resolution – iterative resolution methods. In: Brown S, Tauler R, Walczak B (eds) Comprehensive Chemometrics. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 325–34410.1016/B978-044452701-1.00050-8 ↗
47. de Juan A, Jaumot J, Tauler R (2014) Multivariate curve resolution (MCR). Solving the mixture analysis problem. Anal Methods 6:4964–4976. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4AY00571F10.1039/C4AY00571F ↗
48. Liang YZ (2009) Two-way data analysis: multivariate curve resolution – noniterative resolution methods. In: Brown SD, Tauler R, Walczak B (eds) Comprehensive Chemometrics. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 309–32310.1016/B978-044452701-1.00049-1 ↗
49. Von Schnering HG, Chang JH, Peters K, Peters EM, Wagner FR, Grin Y, Thiele G (2003) Structure and bonding of the hexameric platinum(II) dichloride, Pt6Cl12 (β-PtCl2). Z Anorg Allg Chem 629:516–522. https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.20039008410.1002/zaac.200390084 ↗
50. de Panfis S, d`Acapito F, Haas V, Conrad H, Weissmueller J, Bosherini F, (1995) Local structure and size effects in nanophase palladium: an x-ray absorption study. Phys Lett A 207:397–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(95)00708-B10.1016/0375-9601(95)00708-B ↗
51. Asanova TI, Asanov IP, Kim MG, Korenev SV (2017) In situ x-ray spectroscopic investigation of thermal decomposition of double complex salt [Pt(NH3)4][OsCl6]. J Struct Chem 58:901–910. https://doi.org/10.1134/S002247661705007910.1134/S0022476617050079 ↗
52. NIST X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database: Version 4.1. Naumkin A V, Kraut-Vass A, Gaarenstroom S W, Powell C J. 2012. https://doi.org/10.18434/T4T88K10.18434/T4T88K ↗
53. Mason MG (1983) Electronic structure of supported small metal clusters. Phys Rev B 27:748. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.27.74810.1103/PhysRevB.27.748 ↗
54. Coulthard I, Sham TK (1996) Charge redistribution in Pd-Ag alloys from a local perspective. Phys Rev Lett 77:4824–4827. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.482410.1103/PhysRevLett.77.4824 ↗
55. Wang D, Cui X, Xiao Q, Hu Y, Wang Z, Yiu YM, Sham TK (2018) Electronic behavior of Au-Pt alloys and the 4f binding energy shift anomaly in Au bimetallics - x-ray spectroscopy studies. AIP Adv 8:065210. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.502725110.1063/1.5027251 ↗
56. Bzowski A, Yiu YM, Sham TK (1993) X-ray absorption near edge structure (xanes) studies of Au0.5Ag0.5: implication for charge redictribution at both Au and Ag sites upon alloying. Jpn J Appl Phys 32:691–693. https://doi.org/10.7567/JJAPS.32S2.69110.7567/JJAPS.32S2.691 ↗
57. Rostek A, Loza K, Heggen M, Epple M (2019) X-ray powder diffraction to analyze bimetallic core–shell nanoparticles (gold and palladium; 7–8 nm). RSC Adv 9:26628. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ra05117a10.1039/C9RA05117A ↗
58. Westsson E, Koper GJM (2014) How to determine the core-shell nature in bimetallic catalyst particles? Catalysts 4:375–396. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal404037510.3390/catal4040375 ↗
59. Teng X, Yang H (2005) Synthesis of magnetic nanocomposites and alloys from platinum-iron oxide core-shell nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 16:S554–S561. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/16/7/03310.1088/0957-4484/16/7/033 ↗
60. Petkov V, Shastri SD (2010) Element-specific structure of materials with intrinsic disorder by high-energy resonant x-ray diffraction and differential atomic pair-distribution functions: a study of PtPd nanosized catalysts. Phys Rev B 81:165428–165438. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.81.16542810.1103/PhysRevB.81.165428 ↗
61. Kumara LSR, Sakata O, Kohara S, Yang A, Song C, Kusada K, Kobayashi H, Kitagawa H (2016) Structural studies of metal nanoparticles using high-energy x-ray diffraction. AIP Conf Proc 1741:050016. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.495293610.1063/1.4952936 ↗
62. Lei Y, Jelic J, Nitsche LC, Meyer R, Miller J (2011) Effect of particle size and adsorbates on the L3, L2 and L1 x-ray absorption near edge structure of supported Pt nanoparticles. Top Catal 54:334–348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-011-9662-510.1007/s11244-011-9662-5 ↗
63. Duchesne PN, Zhang P (2014) Element-specific analysis of the growth mechanism, local structure, and electronic properties of Pt clusters formed on Ag nanoparticle surfaces. J Phys Chem C 118:21714–21721. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp507382z10.1021/jp507382z ↗
64. Nilsson J, Carlsson PA, Grönbeck H, Skoglundh M (2017) First principles calculations of palladium nanoparticle XANES spectra. Top Catal 60:283–288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-016-0612-010.1007/s11244-016-0612-0 ↗
65. Michaelson HB (1977) The work function of the elements and its periodicity. J Appl Phys 48:4729–4733. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.32353910.1063/1.323539 ↗
66. Song Y, Jiang YB, Wang H, Pena DA, Qiu Y, Miller JE, Shelnutt JA (2006) Platinum nanodendrites. Nanotechnology 17:1300–1308. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/17/5/02310.1088/0957-4484/17/5/023 ↗
67. Liao HG, Niua K, Zheng H (2013) Observation of growth of metal nanoparticles. Chem Commun 49:11720–11727. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cc47473a10.1039/c3cc47473a ↗
68. Wang Z, Huang L, Tian ZQ, Shen PK (2019) The controllable growth of PtCuRh rhombic dodecahedral nanoframes as efficient catalysts for alcohol electrochemical oxidation. J Mater Chem A 7:18619–18625. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9TA06119C10.1039/C9TA06119C ↗
69. Ha TH, Koo H-J, Chung BH (2007) Iodide ions control seed-mediated growth of anisotropic gold nanoparticles. J Phys Chem 111:1123. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl801625310.1021/nl8016253 ↗
70. Johnson CJ, Dujardin SA, Davis SA, Murphy CJ, Mann S (2002) Growth and form of gold nanorods prepared by seed-mediated, surfactant-directed synthesis. J Mater Chem 12:1765–1770. https://doi.org/10.1039/b200953f10.1039/b200953f ↗
71. Sengupta J, Jacob C (2010) The effect of Fe and Ni catalysts on the growth of multiwalled carbon nanotubes using chemical vapor deposition. J Nanoparticle Res 12:457–465. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-009-9667-110.1007/s11051-009-9667-1 ↗
72. Hudson JB, Sears GW (1961) Evaporation of zinc whiskers. J Chem Phys 35:1509. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.173208310.1063/1.1732083 ↗
73. Thomas JM, Walker PL (1964) Mobility of metal particles on a graphite substrate. J Chem Phys 41:587–588. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.172592610.1063/1.1725926 ↗
74. Fujita J, Ishida M, Ichihashi T, Ochiai Y (2003) Carbon nanopillar laterally growth with electron beam-induced chemical vapor deposition. J Vac Sci Technol B 21:2990–2993. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.162425910.1116/1.1624259 ↗
75. Ajayan PM, Iijima S (1993) Capillarity-induced filling of carbon nanotubes. Nature 361:333–334. https://doi.org/10.1038/361333a010.1038/361333a0 ↗
76. Nicolosi V, Chhowalla M, Kanatzidis MG, Strano MS, Coleman JN (2013) Liquid exfoliation of layered materials. Science 340:1226419. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.122641910.1126/science.1226419 ↗
77. Coleman JN, Lotya M, O’Neill A, Bergin SD, King PJ, Khan U, Young K, Gaucher A, De S, Smith RJ (2011) Two-dimensional nanosheets produced by liquid exfoliation of layered materials. Science 331:568–571. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.119497510.1126/science.1194975 ↗
78. Funatsu A, Tateishi H, Hatakeyama K, Fukunaga Y, Taniguchi T, Koinuma M, Matsuura H, Matsumoto Y (2014) Synthesis of monolayer platinum nanosheets. Chem Commun 50:8503–8506. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CC02527J10.1039/C4CC02527J ↗
79. Kang Y, Li F, Li S, Ji P, Zeng J, Jiang J, Chen Y (2016) Unexpected catalytic activity of rhodium nanodendrites with nanosheet subunits for methanol electrooxidation in an alkaline medium. Nano Res 9:3893–3902. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-016-1258-810.1007/s12274-016-1258-8 ↗
80. Xia Y, Xiong Y, Lim B, Skrabalak SE (2009) Shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanocrystals: simple chemistry meets complex physics? Angew Chem Int Ed 48:60–103. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.20080224810.1002/anie.200802248 ↗
81. Xiong Y, McLellan JM, Chen J, Yin Y, Li Z-Y, Xia Y (2005) Kinetically controlled synthesis of triangular and hexagonal nanoplates of palladium and their SPR/SERS Properties. J Am Chem Soc 127:17118–17127. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja056498s10.1021/ja056498s ↗
82. Wiley B, Sun Y, Xia Y (2007) Synthesis of silver nanostructures with controlled shapes and properties. Acc Chem Res 40:1067–1076. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar700097410.1021/ar7000974 ↗
83. Xiong Y, Xia Y (2007) Shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanostructures: the case of palladium. Adv Mater 19:3385–3391. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20070130110.1002/adma.200701301 ↗
84. Maksimuk S, Teng X, Yang H (2007) Roles of twin defects in the formation of platinum multipod nanocrystals. J Phys Chem C 111:14312–14319. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp07472410.1021/jp074724 ↗
85. Wang Y, Peng H-C, Liu J, Huang CZ, Xia Y (2015) Use of reduction rate as a quantitative knob for controlling the twin structure and shape of palladium nanocrystals. Nano Lett 15:1445–1450. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b0015810.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00158 ↗
86. Xiong Y, Washio I, Chen J, Sadilek M, Xia Y (2007) Trimeric clusters of silver in aqueous AgNO3 solutions and their role as nuclei in forming triangular nanoplates of silver. Angew Chem Int Ed 46:4917–4921. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.20070094210.1002/anie.200700942 ↗
87. Sun Y, Mayers B, Herricks T, Xia Y (2003) Polyol synthesis of uniform silver nanowires: a plausible growth mechanism and the supporting evidence. Nano Lett 3:955–960. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl034312m10.1021/nl034312m ↗
88. Mahmood A, Xie N, Din AU, M, Saleem F, Lin H, Wang X, (2017) Shape controlled synthesis of porous tetrametallic PtAgBiCo nanoplates as highly active and methanol-tolerant electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction. Chem Sci 8:4292. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7sc00318h10.1039/c7sc00318h ↗
89. Liu H, Zhong P, Liu K, Han L, Zheng H, Yin Y, Gao C (2018) Synthesis of ultrathin platinum nanoplates for enhanced oxygen reduction activity. Chem Sci 9:398–404. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7SC02997G10.1039/C7SC02997G ↗