journal article·2015-09

Unifying the templating effects of porous anodic alumina on metallic nanoparticles for carbon nanotube synthesis

Mark R. Haase, Noe T. Alvarez, Rachit Malik, Mark Schulz, Vesselin Shanov

Journal of Nanoparticle Research· Volume 17· Issue 9
Publisher page

Abstract

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a promising material for many applications, due to their extraordinary properties. Some of these properties vary in relation to the diameter of the nanotubes; thus, precise control of CNT diameter can be critical. Porous anodic alumina (PAA) membranes have been successfully used to template electrodeposited catalyst. However, the catalysts used in CNT synthesis are frequently deposited with more precise techniques, such as electron beam deposition. We test the efficacy of PAA as a template for electron beam-deposited catalyst by studying the diameter distribution of CNTs grown catalyst of various thicknesses supported by PAA. These are then compared by ANOVA to the diameter distributions of CNTs grown on metal catalyst supported by a conventional alumina film. These results also allow a unified description of two templating effects, the more common particles-in-pores model, and the recently described particles-between-pores.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Anodic Oxide Films and Nanostructures · Nanowire Synthesis and Applications · Carbon Nanotubes in Composites

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (50)

Show source-provided references
1. Acosta RI (2010) Ostwald ripening of iron (Fe) catalyst nanoparticles on aluminum oxide surfaces (Al2O3) for the growth of carbon nanotubes. Dissertation, Wright State University
2. Altalhi T, Ginic-Markovic M, Han N, Clarke S, Losic D (2011) Synthesis of carbon nanotube (CNT) composite membranes. Membranes 1:37–4710.3390/membranes1010037 ↗
3. Alvarez NT, Li F, Pint CL, Mayo JT, Fisher EZ, Tour JM, Colvin VL, Hauge RH (2011) Uniform large diameter carbon nanotubes in vertical arrays from premade near-monodisperse nanoparticles. Chem Mater 23:3466–347510.1021/cm200664g ↗
4. Alvine KJ, Shpyrko OG, Pershan PS, Shin K, Russell TP (2006) Capillary filling of anodized alumina nanopore arrays. Phys Rev Lett 97:1–4 17550310.1103/PhysRevLett.97.175503 ↗
5. Amama PB, Pint CL, Kim SM, McJilton L, Eyink KG, Stach EA, Hauge RH, Maruyama B (2001) Influence of alumina type on the evolution and activity of alumina-supported Fe catalysts in single-walled carbon nanotube carpet growth. ACS Nano 4:895–90410.1021/nn901700u ↗
6. Bentley AK, Farhoud M, Ellis AB, Nickel AML, Lisensky GC, Crone WC (2005) Template Synthesis and Magnetic Manipulation of Nickel Nanowires. J Chem Educ 82:765–76810.1021/ed082p765 ↗
7. Butt HJ, Kappl M (2009) Normal capillary forces. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 146:48–6010.1016/j.cis.2008.10.002 ↗
8. Caupin F (2007) Comment on ‘‘capillary filling of anodized alumina”. Phys Rev Lett 98:25960110.1103/PhysRevLett.98.259601 ↗
9. Celestini F (1997) Capillary condensation within nanopores of various geometries. Phys Lett A 228:84–9010.1016/S0375-9601(97)00070-4 ↗
10. Celestini F, Ten Bosch A (1995) Effect of shape on phase transition temperature of clusters. Phys Lett A 207:307–31410.1016/0375-9601(95)00668-S ↗
11. Che G, Lakshmi BB, Martin CR, Fisher E, Ruoff RS (1998) Carbon nanotubule membranes for electrochemical energy storage and production. Chem Mater 10:260–26710.1021/cm970412f ↗
12. Chen Y (2010) CVD synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes from selected catalysts. Masters Thesis, University of Cincinnati, Ohia, USA
13. Cui X, Wei W, Harrower C, Chen W (2009) Effect of catalyst particle interspacing on the growth of millimeter-scale carbon nanotube arrays by catalytic chemical vapor deposition. Carbon 47:3441–345110.1016/j.carbon.2009.08.011 ↗
14. Dimitrov DI, Milchev A, Binder K (2007) Capillary rise in nanopores: molecular dynamics. Phys Rev Lett 99:05450110.1103/PhysRevLett.99.054501 ↗
15. Fedlheim DL, Foss CA (2001) Metal nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications. CRC Press, Boca Raton10.1201/9780367800475 ↗
16. Fisher R (1925) Statistical methods for research workers. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh
17. Gao H, Mu C, Wang F, Xu D, Wu K, Xie Y, Liu S, Wang E, Xu J, Yu D (2003) Field emission of large-area and graphitized carbon nanotube array on anodic aluminum oxide template. J Appl Phys 93:5602–560510.1063/1.1564882 ↗
18. Hashishin T, Tono Y, TamakI J (2006) Guide growth of carbon nanotube arrays using anodic porous alumina with Ni catalyst. Jpn J Appl Phys 45:333–33710.1143/JJAP.45.333 ↗
19. Henry CR (1998) Surface studies of supported model catalysts. Surf Sci Rep 31:231–32510.1016/S0167-5729(98)00002-8 ↗
20. Hu W, Gong D, Chen Z, Yuan L, Saito K, Grimes GA, Kichambare P (2001) Growth of well-aligned carbon nanotube arrays on silicon substrates using porous alumina film as a nanotemplate. Appl Phys Lett 79:3083–308510.1063/1.1415406 ↗
21. Huber P, Knorr K, Kityk AV (2005) Capillary rise of liquids in nanopores. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Boston
22. Iijima S (1991) Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature 354:56–5810.1038/354056a0 ↗
23. Iwasaki T, Motoi T, Den T (1999) Multiwalled carbon nanotubes growth in anodic alumina nanoholes. Appl Phys Lett 1999(75):2044–204610.1063/1.124910 ↗
24. Jeong SH, Hwang HY, Hwang SK, Lee KH (2004) Carbon nanotubes based on anodic aluminum oxide nano-template. Carbon 42:2073–208010.1016/j.carbon.2004.04.015 ↗
25. Jessensky O, Muller F, Gosele U (1998) Self-organized formation of hexagonal pore arrays in anodic alumina. App Phys Lett 72:1173–117510.1063/1.121004 ↗
26. Keller F, Hunter M, Robinson D (1953) Structural features of oxide coatings on aluminum. J Electrochem Soc 100:411–41910.1149/1.2781142 ↗
27. Kumar M, Ando Y (2010) Chemical vapor deposition of carbon nanotubes: a review on the growth mechanism and mass productions. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 10:3739–375810.1166/jnn.2010.2939 ↗
28. Kyotani T, Tsai LF, Tomita A (1996) Preparation of ultrafine carbon tubes in nanochannels of an anodic aluminum oxide film. Chem Mater 8:2109–211310.1021/cm960063+ ↗
29. Lan Y, Wang Y, Ren Z (2001) Physics and applications of aligned carbon nanotubes. Adv Phys 60:553–67810.1080/00018732.2011.599963 ↗
30. Lee OJ, Hwang SK, Jeong SH, Lee PS, Lee KH (2005) Synthesis of carbon nanotubes with identical dimensions using an anodic aluminum oxide template on a silicon wafer. Synth Met 148:263–26610.1016/j.synthmet.2004.10.005 ↗
31. Li J, Papadopoulos C, Xu JM, Moskovits M (1999) Highly-ordered carbon nanotube arrays for electronic applications. Appl Phys Lett 75:367–36910.1063/1.124377 ↗
32. Meshot ER, Zhao Z, Lua W, Hart AJ (2014) Self-ordering of small-diameter metal nanoparticles by dewetting on hexagonal mesh templates. Nanoscale 6:1010610.1039/C4NR01501K ↗
33. Nanda KK, Sahu SN, Behera SN (2002) Liquid-drop model for the size-dependent melting of low-dimensional systems. Phys Rev A 66:01320810.1103/PhysRevA.66.013208 ↗
34. O’Sullivan J, Wood G (1970) The morphology and mechanism of formation of porous anodic films on aluminium. Proc R Soc Lond Ser A 317:511–54310.1098/rspa.1970.0129 ↗
35. Rabin O, Herz PR, Lin Y-M, Akinwande AI, Cronin SB, Dresselhaus MS (2013) Formation of thick porous anodic alumina films and nanowire arrays on silicon wafers and glass. Adv Funct Mater 13:631–63810.1002/adfm.200304394 ↗
36. Rabinovich YI, Adler JJ, Esayanur MS, Ata A, Singh RK, Moudgil BM (2002) Capillary forces between surfaces with nanoscale roughness. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 96:213–23010.1016/S0001-8686(01)00082-3 ↗
37. Rashidi A, Omidi M, Choolaei M, Nazarazadeh M, Yadegari A, Haghierosadat F, Oroojalian F, Azhdari M (2013) Electromechanical properties of vertically aligned carbon nanotube. Adv Mater Res 705:332–33610.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.705.332 ↗
38. Rummeli M, Kramberger C, Schaffel F, Borowiak-Palen E, Gemming T, Rellinghaus B, Jost O, Loffler M, Ayala P, Pichler T, Kalenczuk AR (2007) Catalyst size dependencies for carbon nanotubes synthesis. Phys Status Solidi (b) 244:3911–391510.1002/pssb.200776136 ↗
39. Saito R, Dresselhaus G, Dresselhaus M (1998) Electronic structure of single-wall nanotubes. Physical properties of carbon nanotubes. Imperial College Press, London, pp 59–7210.1142/9781860943799_0004 ↗
40. Schneider JJ, Maksimova NI, Engstler J, Joshi R, Schierholz R, Feile R (2008) Catalyst free growth of a carbon nanotube-alumina composite structure. Inorg Chim Acta 361:1770–177810.1016/j.ica.2006.10.025 ↗
41. Schneider C, Rasband W, Eliceiri K (2012) NIH image to imageJ: 25 years of image analysis. Nat Methods 9:671–67510.1038/nmeth.2089 ↗
42. Shingubara S (2003) Fabrication of nanomaterials using porous alumina templates. J Nanopart Res 5:17–3010.1023/A:1024479827507 ↗
43. Sohn JI, Kim YS, Nam C, Cho B, Seong TY, Lee S (2005) Fabrication of high-density arrays of individually isolated nanocapacitors using anodic aluminum oxide templates and carbon nanotubes. Appl Phys Lett 87:12311510.1063/1.2048815 ↗
44. Sui Y, Gonzalez-Leon J, Bermudez A, Saniger J (2001a) Synthesis of multi branched carbon nanotubes in porous anodic aluminum oxide template. Carbon 39:1709–171510.1016/S0008-6223(00)00297-9 ↗
45. Sui Y, Cui B, Guardian R, Acosta D, Martinez L, Perez R (2001b) Synthesis and frictional properties of array film of amorphous carbon nanofibers on anodic aluminum oxide. Carbon 40:1011–101610.1016/S0008-6223(01)00230-5 ↗
46. Takagi M (1954) Electron-Diffraction Study of Liquid-Solid Transition of Thin Metal Films. J Phys Soc Jpn 9:359–36310.1143/JPSJ.9.359 ↗
47. Vogel EE, Vargas P, Altbir D, Escrig J (2010) Magnetic nanotubes. Handbook of nanophysics: nanotubes and nanowires. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 14–16
48. Wang YM, Kuo HH, Verbrugge MW, Lian J, Wang L, Zhou W (2005) Template synthesis of ordered Pt nanorods in porous anodic alumina. Microsc Microanal 11:1408–1409
49. Yu WJ, Cho YS, Choi GS, Kim D (2005) Patterned carbon nanotube field emitter using the regular array of an anodic alumium oxide tempate. Nanotechnology 16:S291–S29510.1088/0957-4484/16/5/029 ↗
50. Zhi L, Wu J, Li J, Kolb U, Müllen K (2005) Carbonization of disclike molecules in porous alumina membranes: toward carbon nanotubes with controlled graphene-layer orientation. Angew Chem Int Ed 44:2120–212310.1002/anie.200460986 ↗