Probing the structure of Fe nanoparticles in multiwall carbon nanotubes grown on a stainless steel substrate
Source abstract
Abstract
We investigated the local order in individual iron nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The NPs directly come from the CNT growth on stainless steel without addition of external metal catalyst. The structural analysis has been obtained through nanoscale transmission extended electron energy loss fine structure (EXELFS) measurements above the iron L2,3 edge. A theoretical simulation of the EXELFS features has been performed within the multiple scattering theory. By comparing the experimental data with the simulations, we found that pure γ-Fe and Fe3C nanoparticles are the catalysts of the CNT synthesis on the stainless steel. Moreover, from the analysis of the fine details of the EXELFS oscillations, we also estimated the value of the fcc Fe NP lattice parameter to be a = 3.61 ± 0.03 Å. This last finding suggests a high magnetic moment of the fcc Fe NPs.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Carbon Nanotubes in Composites · Graphene research and applications · Chemical and Physical Properties of Materials
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (28)
Show source-provided references
1. Ankudinov AL, Ravel B, Rehr JJ, Conradson SD (1998) Real-space multiple-scattering calculation and interpretation of X-ray-absorption near-edge structure. Phys Rev B 58:756510.1103/PhysRevB.58.7565 ↗
2. Ankudinov AL, Bouldin CE, Rehr JJ, Sims J, Hung H (2002) Parallel calculation of electron multiple scattering using Lanczos algorithms. Phys Rev B 65:10410710.1103/PhysRevB.65.104107 ↗
3. Auerhammer JM, Rez P (1989) Dipole-forbidden excitations in electron-energy-loss spectroscopy. Phys Rev B 40:202410.1103/PhysRevB.40.2024 ↗
4. Bagayoko D, Callaway J (1983) Lattice-parameter dependence of ferromagnetism in bcc and fcc iron. Phys Rev B 28:541910.1103/PhysRevB.28.5419 ↗
5. Borowiak-Palen E, Mendoza E, Bachmatiuk A, Rummeli MH, Gemming T, Nogues J, Skumryev V, Kalenczuk RJ, Pichler T, Silva SRP (2006) Iron filled single-wall carbon nanotubes: a novel ferromagnetic medium. Chem Phys Lett 421:12910.1016/j.cplett.2006.01.072 ↗
6. Butterfield MT, Crapper MD (2000) Extended X-ray absorption fine structure investigation of the structure of iron overlayers on Cu(111). Surf Sci 454(456):71910.1016/S0039-6028(00)00092-3 ↗
7. Camilli L, Scarselli M, Del Gobbo S, Castrucci P, Nanni F, Gautron E, Lefrant S, De Crescenzi M (2011) The synthesis and characterization of carbon nanotubes grown by chemical vapor deposition using a stainless steel catalyst. Carbon 49:330710.1016/j.carbon.2011.04.014 ↗
8. Camilli L, Scarselli M, Del Gobbo S, Castrucci P, Lamastra FR, Nanni F, Gautron E, Lefrant S, D’Orazio F, Lucari F, De Crescenzi M (2012) High coercivity of iron-filled carbon nanotubes synthesized on austenitic stainless steel. Carbon 50:71810.1016/j.carbon.2011.09.034 ↗
9. Fallon P, Walsh CA (1996) Computer code PEELS. University of Cambridge, England
10. Gubbiotti G, Albini L, Tacchi S, Carlotti G, Gunnella R, De Crescenzi M (1999) Structural and magnetic properties of epitaxial Cu/Fe/Cu/Si(111) ultrathin films. Phys Rev B 60:1715010.1103/PhysRevB.60.17150 ↗
11. He Z, Maurice JL, Gohier A, Lee CS, Pribat D, Cojocaru CS (2011) Iron catalysts for the growth of carbon nanofibers: Fe, Fe3C or both? Chem Mater 23:537910.1021/cm202315j ↗
12. Hines WA, Shanthakumar P, Huang T, Budnick JI, Miller RL, Pease DM, Perry DM (2009) Magnetic and structural study of fcc γ -Fe precipitates in Cu. Phys Status Solidi B 246:215410.1002/pssb.200844488 ↗
13. Jouffrey B, Schattschneider P, Hébert C (2004) The magic angle: a solved mystery. Ultramicroscopy 102:6110.1016/j.ultramic.2004.08.006 ↗
14. Kincaid BM, Meixner AE, Platzman PM (1978) Carbon K edge in graphite measured using electron-energy-loss spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 40:129610.1103/PhysRevLett.40.1296 ↗
15. Klein J, Campbell SJ, Aubertin F, Gonser U, Schneeweiss O (1991) γ-Fe precipitation in Cu97Fe3 and Cu75Au24Fe1. Phys Status Solidi B 166:8710.1002/pssb.2221660109 ↗
16. Kurde J, Ponpandian N, Luo J, Weis C, Baberschke K, Srivastava P, Wende H (2007) Scattering-path analysis and magnetic scattering properties of Fe/Ag(100) films: a temperature-dependent magnetic EXAFS study. Phys Rev B 76:22441810.1103/PhysRevB.76.224418 ↗
17. Li DC, Dai L, Huang S, Mau AWH, Wang ZL (2000) Structure and growth of aligned carbon nanotube films by pyrolysis. Chem Phys Lett 316:34910.1016/S0009-2614(99)01334-2 ↗
18. Ling T, Yu H, Liu X, Shen Z, Zhu J (2008) Five-fold twinned nanorods of fcc Fe: synthesis and characterization. Cryst Growth Des 8:434010.1021/cg800108n ↗
19. Ling T, Zhu J, Yu H, Xie L (2009) Size effect on crystal morphology of faceted face-centered cubic Fe nanoparticles. J Phys Chem C 113:945010.1021/jp903496c ↗
20. Lyubutin IS, Anosova OA, Frolov KV, Sulyanov SN, Okotrub AV, Kudashov AG, Bulusheva LG (2012) Iron nanoparticles in aligned arrays of pure and nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes. Carbon 50:262810.1016/j.carbon.2012.02.022 ↗
21. Massalski TB, Okamoto H (1992) Binary alloys phase diagrams. ASM International, Materials Park, OH
22. Mönch I, Leonhardt A, Meye A, Hampel S, Kozhuharova-Koseva R, Elefant D, Wirth MP, Büchner B (2007) Synthesis and characteristics of Fe-filled multi-walled carbon nanotubes for biomedical application. J Phys Conf Series 61:82010.1088/1742-6596/61/1/164 ↗
23. Moruzzi VL, Marcus PM, Schwarz K, Mohn P (1986) Ferromagnetic phases of bcc and fcc Fe, Co, and Ni. Phys Rev B 34:178410.1103/PhysRevB.34.1784 ↗
24. Shen J, Ohresser PCh, Klaua M, Barthel J, Kirschner J (1998) Magnetic moment of fcc Fe(111) ultrathin films by ultrafast deposition on Cu(111). Phys Rev Lett 80:198010.1103/PhysRevLett.80.1980 ↗
25. Stern EA, Rehr JJ (1983) Many-body aspects of the near-edge structure in X-ray absorption. Phys Rev B 27:335110.1103/PhysRevB.27.3351 ↗
26. Stöhr J (1988) X-ray absorption: principles, applications, techniques of EXAFS, SEXAFS and XANES. In: Koningsberger DC, Prins R (eds) Chemical analysis: a series of monographs on analytical chemistry, vol 92. Wiley, New York, p 443
27. Winkler A, Mühl T, Menzel S, Koseva RK, Hampel S, Leonhardt A, Büchner B (2006) Magnetic force microscopy sensors using iron-filled carbon nanotubes. J Appl Phys 99:10490510.1063/1.2195879 ↗
28. Zhou YM, Zhang WQ, Zhong LP, Wang DS (1995) Theoretical prediction of ferrimagnetism in face-centered cubic iron. J Magn Magn Mater 145:L27310.1016/0304-8853(95)00002-X ↗