Synthesis of monoclinic KGd(WO4)2 nanocrystals by two preparation methods
Source abstract
Abstract
The monoclinic crystalline phase of KGd(WO4)2 is a well-known solid-state laser host. The present article describes how monoclinic nanocrystals of KGd(WO4)2 are synthesized by two different methodologies: the sol–gel modified Pechini method and femtosecond pulsed laser ablation of bulk material in deionized water. Transmission Electron Microscopy images show KGdW nanocrystals between 15 and 100 nm for both methods. The nanocrystals are studied by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) in order to identify the crystalline phase and to refine the unit cell parameters. For the sol–gel modified Pechini method, differential thermal analyses and XRD techniques were also used to optimize the method of preparation.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Laser-Ablation Synthesis of Nanoparticles · Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials · Glass properties and applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (39)
Show source-provided references
1. Batay LE, Demidovich AA, Kuzmin AA, Titov AN, Mond M, Kück S (2002) Efficient tunable laser operation of diodepumped Yb,Tm:KY(WO4)2 around 1.9 μm. Appl Phys B 75:457–46110.1007/s00340-002-0998-1 ↗
2. Cullity BD (1978) Element of X-ray diffraction. Addison-Wesley, New York
3. Dolgaev SI, Simakin AV, Voronov VV, Shafeev GA, Bozon-Verduraz F (2002) Nanoparticles produced by laser ablation of solids in liquid environment. Appl Surf Sci 186:546–55110.1016/S0169-4332(01)00634-1 ↗
4. Dowty E (1995) Shape for Windows, version 5.0.1
5. Dumitru G, Romano V, Weber H P, Sentis M, Marine W (2002) Femtosecond ablation of ultrahard materials. Appl Phys A 74:729–73910.1007/s003390101183 ↗
6. Galceran M, Pujol MC, Aguiló M, Díaz F (2007) Sol-Gel modified Pechini method for obtaining nanocrystalline KREWO4)2 (RE = Gd and Yb). J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 42:79–8810.1007/s10971-006-1517-3 ↗
7. Glover TE (2003) Hydrodynamics of particle formation following femtosecond laser ablation. J Opt Soc Am B 20:125–13110.1364/JOSAB.20.000125 ↗
8. Glover TE, Ackerman GD, Lee RW, Young DA (2004) Probing particle synthesis during femtosecond laser ablation: initial phase transition kinetics. Appl Phys B 78:995–100010.1007/s00340-004-1449-y ↗
9. Griebner U, Liu J, Rivier S, Aznar A, Grunwald R, Solé RM, Aguiló M, Díaz F, Petrov V (2005) Laser operation of epitaxially grown Yb:KLu(WO4)2–KLu(WO4)2 composites with monoclinic crystalline structure. IEEE J Quantum Electron 41:408–41410.1109/JQE.2004.842313 ↗
10. Henglein A (1993) Physicochemical properties of small metal particles in solution: “microelectrode” reactions, chemisorption, composite metal particles and the atom-to-metal transition. J Phys Chem 97:5457–547110.1021/j100123a004 ↗
11. Hertel I, Stoian R, Ashkenasi D, Rosenfeld A, Campbell EB (2001) On the physics of material processing with femtosecond lasers. Riken Rev 32:23–30
12. Kabashin AV, Meunier M (2003) Synthesis of colloidal nanoparticles during femtosecond laser ablation of gold in water. J Appl Phys 94:7941–794310.1063/1.1626793 ↗
13. Kabashin AV, Meunier M, Kingston C, Luong JT (2003) Fabrication and characterization of gold nanoparticles by femtosecond laser ablation in an aqueous solution of cyclodextrins. J Phys Chem B 107:4527–453110.1021/jp034345q ↗
14. Kaminskii AA (2003) Modern developments in the physics of crystalline laser materials. Phys Status Solidi A-Appl Mat 200:215–29610.1002/pssa.200306705 ↗
15. Kaminskii AA, Verdun HR, Koechner W, Kuznetsov FA, Pavlyuk AA (1992) Sov J Quantum Electron 22:875–877 (transl. from Kvantovaya Elektron. (Moscow) 19:941–943)10.1070/QE1992v022n10ABEH003622 ↗
16. Kelly R, Miotello A (1996) Comments on explosive mechanisms of laser sputtering. Appl Surf Sci 96–98:205–21510.1016/0169-4332(95)00481-5 ↗
17. Klevtsov PV, Kozeeva LP, Kharchenko LY, Pavlyuk AA (1974) Polymorphism of KY(WO4)2 and isostructural potassium-rare earth tungstates. Sov Phys Crystallogr 19:342–346
18. Kwon SW, Park SB, Sung GS, Hwang T (1998) Preparation of lithium aluminate via polymeric precursor routes. J Nucl Mater 257:172–17910.1016/S0022-3115(98)00442-5 ↗
19. Laberty-Robert C, Ansart F, Deloget C, Gaudon M, Rousset A (2001) Powder synthesis of nanocrystalline ZrO2–8% Y2O3 via a polymerization route. Mater Res Bull 36:2083–210110.1016/S0025-5408(01)00723-1 ↗
20. Mafuné F, Kohno J, Takeda Y, Kondow T, Sawabe H (2000a) Formation and size control of silver nanoparticles by laser ablation in aqueous solution. J Phys Chem B 104:9111–911710.1021/jp001336y ↗
21. Mafuné F, Kohno J, Takeda Y, Kondow T, Sawabe H (2000b) Structure and stability of silver nanoparticles in aqueous solution produced by laser ablation. J Phys Chem B 104:8333–833710.1021/jp001803b ↗
22. Mateos X, Petrov V, Aguiló M, Solé RM, Gavaldà J, Massons J, Díaz F, Griebner U (2004) Continuous-wave laser oscillation of Yb3+ in monoclinic KLu(WO4)2. IEEE J Quantum Electron 40:1056–105910.1109/JQE.2004.831614 ↗
23. Mateos X, Petrov V, Liu J, Pujol MC, Griebner U, Aguiló M, Díaz F, Galan M, Viera G (2006) Efficient 2-μm continuous-wave laser oscillation of Tm3+:KLu(WO4)2. IEEE J Quantum Electron 42:1008–101510.1109/JQE.2006.881629 ↗
24. Moreno P, Méndez C, García A, Torchia G, Delgado D, Vázquez de Aldana J, Arias I, Roso L (2006) Synthesis of ceramic nanoparticles by ultrafast laser ablation of solid targets in water. J Nanosci Nanotech 6:1961–196710.1166/jnn.2006.365 ↗
25. Pechini MP (1967) Method of preparing lead and alkaline earth titanates and niobate and coating method using the same to form a capacitor. US Patent No.3.330.697, July 11
26. Pujol MC, Aguiló M, Díaz F, Zaldo C (1999) Growth and characterisation of monoclinic KGd1-xREx(WO4)2 single crystals. Opt Mater 13:33–4010.1016/S0925-3467(99)00008-7 ↗
27. Pujol MC, Mateos X, Solé R, Massons J, Gavaldà J, Díaz F, Aguiló M (2001a) Linear thermal expansion tensor in KRE(WO4)2 (RE = Gd, Y, Er and Yb) monoclinic crystals. Mater Sci Forum 710:378–381
28. Pujol MC, Solé R, Massons J, Gavaldà J, Solans X, Zaldo C, Díaz F, Aguiló M (2001b) Structural study of monoclinic KGd(WO4)2 and effects of lanthanide substitution. J Appl Crystallogr 34:1–610.1107/S0021889800013352 ↗
29. Rietveld HM (1969) A profile refinement method for nuclear and magnetic structures. J Appl Crystallogr 2:65–7110.1107/S0021889869006558 ↗
30. Rodriguez-Carvajal J (2000) Reference guide for the computer program Fullprof. Laboratorie León Brillouin. CEA-CNRS. Saclay, France
31. Serra AO, Cicillini SA, Ishiki RR (2000) A new procedure to obtain Eu doped oxide and oxosalt phosphors. J Alloy Compd 303–304:316–31910.1016/S0925-8388(00)00595-8 ↗
32. Sibbald MS, Chumanov G, Cotton TM (1996) Reduction of cytochrome c by halide-modified, laser-ablated silver colloids. J Phys Chem 100:4672–467810.1021/jp953248x ↗
33. Solé R, Nikolov V, Ruiz X, Gavaldà J, Solans X, Aguiló M, Díaz F (1996) Growth of β-KGd1−xNdx( WO4)2 single crystals in K2W2O7 solvents. J Cryst Growth 169:600–60310.1016/S0022-0248(96)00674-4 ↗
34. Tsuji T, Iryo K, Watanabe N, Tsuji M (2002) Preparation of silver nanoparticles by laser ablation in solution: influence of laser wavelength on particle size. Appl Surf Sci 202:80–8510.1016/S0169-4332(02)00936-4 ↗
35. Tsuji T, Kakita T, Tsuji M (2003) Preparation of nano-size particles of silver with femtosecond laser ablation in water. Appl Surf Sci 206:314–32010.1016/S0169-4332(02)01230-8 ↗
36. Tull BR, Carey JE, Sheehy MA, Friend C, Mazur E (2006) Formation of silicon nanoparticles and web-like aggregates by femtosecond laser ablation in a background gas. Appl Phys A 83:341–34610.1007/s00339-006-3502-7 ↗
37. Vaqueiro P, Lopez-Quintela MA (1997) Influence of complexing agents and pH on yttrium-iron garnet synthesized by the sol-gel method. Chem Mater 9:2836–284110.1021/cm970165f ↗
38. Yeh MS, Yang YS, Lee YP, Lee HF, Yeh HY, Yeh CS (1999) Formation and characteristics of Cu colloids from CuO powder by laser irradiation in 2-propanol. J Phys Chem B 103:6851–6857
39. Zhao J, Li Y, Wang B, Qiang L (2004) Low temperature preparation of strontium barium niobate powders from metal carboxylate gels. Ceram Int 30:613–61710.1016/j.ceramint.2003.07.007 ↗