Biomimetic growth of gallic acid–ZnO hybrid assemblies and their applications
Source abstract
Abstract
In this study, we probed the biomimetic formation of gallic acid (GA)–ZnO nanoparticle hybrids. It was found that the morphologies formed were dependent upon pH values, resulting in GA–ZnO hybrids of varying shapes such as micro or nanoplates or fibers. The formed supramolecular GA–ZnO hybrids were found to be luminescent as indicated by confocal microscopy and were utilized for the photocatalytic degradation of the organic dye methylene blue. We also explored the bactericidal effects of the hybrids on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) as well as Escherichia Coli (E. Coli). Thus, we have developed a new class of shape-controlled nanohybrid assemblies via mild, green synthetic methods that may be utilized for photocatalytic degradation for environmental remediation as well as for antibacterial applications.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques · Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties · Polydiacetylene-based materials and applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (100+)
Show source-provided references
1. Aaronson CH, Amekura H, Sato Y, Kishimoto N (2011) Vacuum fluorescent displays utilizing ZnO nanoparticles. J Appl Phys 109:24506–24507. doi: 10.1063/1.353663110.1063/1.3536631 ↗
2. Alivisatos AP (1996) Semiconductor clusters, nanocrystals, and quantum dots. Science 271:933–937. doi: 10.1126/science.271.5251.93310.1126/science.271.5251.933 ↗
3. Andronic L, Duta A (2008) The influence of TiO2 powder and film on the photodegradation of methyl orange. Mater Chem Phys 112:1078–1082. doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.06.05910.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.06.059 ↗
4. Ashiry KO, Zhao YH, Shao KZ, Su ZM, Xu GJ (2009) Syntheses and characterizations of three coordination polymers based on dipyridylbenzoates and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate. Polyhedron 28:975–979. doi: 10.1016/j.poly.2008.12.05610.1016/j.poly.2008.12.056 ↗
5. Balzani V, Campagna S, Denti G, Juris A, Serroni S, Venturi M (1998) Designing dendrimers based on transition-metal complexes. Light-harvesting properties and predetermined redox patterns. Acc Chem Res 31:26–34. doi: 10.1021/ar950202d10.1021/ar950202d ↗
6. Banerjee IA, Yu L, Matsui H (2005) Room-temperature Wurtzite ZnS nanocrystal growth on Zn finger-like peptide nanotubes by controlling their unfolding peptide structures. J Am Chem Soc 127:16002–16003. doi: 10.1021/ja054907e10.1021/ja054907e ↗
7. Banoee M, Seif S, Nazari ZE, Jafari-Fesharaki P, Shaverdi HR, Moballegh A, Moghaddam KM, Shaverdi AR (2010) ZnO nanoparticles enhanced antibacterial activity of ciproflaxin against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia Coli. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 93:557–561. doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.3161510.1002/jbm.b.31615 ↗
8. Bao N, Shen L, Takata T, Domen K (2008) Self-templated synthesis of nanoporous CdS nanostructures for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light. Chem Mater 20:110–117. doi: 10.1021/cm702934410.1021/cm7029344 ↗
9. Bhargava RN, Gallagher D (1994) Optical properties of manganese-doped nanocrystals of ZnS. Phys Rev Lett 72:416–419. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.72.41610.1103/PhysRevLett.72.416 ↗
10. Billes F, Mohammed-Ziegler I, Bombicz P (2007) Vibrational Spectroscopy study on the quantum chemical model and X-ray structure of gallic acid, solvent effect on the structure and spectra. Vib Spectrosc 43:193–202. doi: 10.1016/j.vibspec.2006.07.00810.1016/j.vibspec.2006.07.008 ↗
11. Bodini ME, Copia G, Tapia R, Leighton F, Herrera L (1999) Iron complexes of quercetin in aprotic medium. Redox chemistry and interaction with superoxide anion radical. Polyhedron 18:2233–2239. doi: 10.1016/S0277-5387(99)00124-210.1016/S0277-5387(99)00124-2 ↗
12. Braun E, Eichen Y, Sivan U, Ben Yoseph G (1998) DNA-templated assembly and electrode attachment of a conducting silver wire. Nature 391:775–778. doi: 10.1038/3582610.1038/35826 ↗
13. Britt J, Ferekides C (1993) Thin-film CdS/CdTe solar cell with 15.8% efficiency. Appl Phys Lett 62:2851–2852. doi: 10.1063/1.10962910.1063/1.109629 ↗
14. Carcia PF, McLean RS, Reilly MH (2005) Oxide engineering of ZnO thin-film transistors for flexible electronics. J Soc Inf Display 13:547–554. doi: 10.1889/1.201263410.1889/1.2012634 ↗
15. Chen CC (2007) Degradation pathways of ethyl violet by photocatalytic reaction with ZnO dispersions. J Mol Catal A Chem 264:82–92. doi: 10.1016/j.molcata.2006.09.01310.1016/j.molcata.2006.09.013 ↗
16. Chu S, Olmedo M, Yang Z, Kong J, Liu J (2008) Electrically pumped ultraviolet ZnO diode lasers on Si. Appl Phys Lett 93:181106/1–181106/3. doi: 10.1063/1.3012579
17. Cui HN, Zhang HJ, Xi SQ (1998) Preparation and photoluminescence study of ultrafine cadmium sulfide particles. J Mater Sci Lett 17:913–915. doi: 10.1023/A:102644821950410.1023/A:1026448219504 ↗
18. Dameron CT, Reese RN, Mehra RK, Kortan AR, Carroll PJ, Steigerwald ML, Brus LE, Winge DR (1989) Biosynthesis of cadmium sulfide quantum semiconductor crystallites. Nature 338:596–597. doi: 10.1038/338596a010.1038/338596a0 ↗
19. Daneshvar N, Salari D, Khataee AR (2004) Photocatalytic degradation of azo dye acid red 14 in water on ZnO as an alternative catalyst to TiO2. J Photochem Photobiol A 162:317–322. doi: 10.1016/S1010-6030(03)00378-210.1016/S1010-6030(03)00378-2 ↗
20. Erdemgil FZ, Şanli S, Şanli N, ÖZkan G, Barbosa J, Guiteras J, Beltrán JL (2007) Determination of pKa values of some hydroxylated benzoic acids in methanol-water binary mixtures by LC methodology and potentiometry. Talanta 72:489–496. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2006.11.00710.1016/j.talanta.2006.11.007 ↗
21. Fabelo O, Pasán J, Canˇ adillas-Delgado L, Delgado FS, Labrador A, Lloret F, Julve M, Ruiz-Pérez C (2008) (4, 4) rectangular lattices of cobalt(II) with 1, 2, 4, 5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid: influence of the packing in the crystal structure. Crys Growth Des 8:3984–3992. doi: 10.1021/cg800067k10.1021/cg800067k ↗
22. Frese KW (1982) A high efficiency single-crystal CdSe photoelectrochemical solar cell and an associated loss mechanism. Appl Phys Lett 1982:275–277. doi: 10.1063/1.9303610.1063/1.93036 ↗
23. Ge JP, Li YD (2004) Selective atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition route to CdS arrays, Nanowires, and Nanocombs. Adv Funct Mater 14:157–162. doi: 10.1002/adfm.20030505110.1002/adfm.200305051 ↗
24. Gutschke SOH, Price DJ, Powell AK, Wood PT (2001) Hydrothermal synthesis, structure, and magnetism of [Co2(OH){1,2,3-(O2C)3C6H3}(H2O)]·H2O and [Co2(OH){1,2,3-(O2C)3C6H3}]: magnetic -chains with mixed cobalt geometries. Angew Chem 40:1920–1923. doi: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010518)40:10<1920:AID-ANIE1920>3.0.CO;2-210.1002/1521-3773(20010518)40:10<1920::AID-ANIE1920>3.0.CO;2-2 ↗
25. Herzog B, Mongiat S, Deshayes C, Neuhaus M, Sommer K, Mantler A (2002) In vivo and in vitro assessment of UVA protection by sunscreen formulations containing either butyl methoxy dibenzoyl methane, methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol, or microfine ZnO. Int J Cosmet Sci 24:170–185. doi: 10.1046/j.1467-2494.2002.00137.x10.1046/j.1467-2494.2002.00137.x ↗
26. Hider RC, Liu ZD, Khodr HH (2001) Metal chelation of polyphenols. Methods Enzymol 335:190–203. doi: 10.1016/S0076-6879(01)35243-610.1016/S0076-6879(01)35243-6 ↗
27. Huang H, Fang G, Mo X, Long H, Yua L, Dong B, Meng X, Zhao X (2009) ZnO-based fairly pure ultraviolet light-emitting diodes with a low operation voltage. Electron Device Lett 30:1063–1065. doi: 10.1109/LED.2009.202890410.1109/LED.2009.2028904 ↗
28. Irzh A, Genish I, Klein L, Solovyov LA, Gedanken A (2010) Synthesis of ZnO and Zn nanoparticles in microwave plasma and their deposition on glass slides. Langmuir 26:5976–5984. doi: 10.1021/la904499s10.1021/la904499s ↗
29. Johnson KT, Gribb TE, Smoak EM, Banerjee IA (2010) Self-assembled nanofibers from leucine derived amphiphiles as nanoreactors for growth of ZnO nanoparticles. Chem Commun 46:1757–1759. doi: 10.1039/B921254J10.1039/b921254j ↗
30. Jones N, Ray B, Ranjit KT, Manna AC (2008) Antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticle suspensions on a broad spectrum of microorganisms. FEMS Microbiol Lett 279:71–76. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.0101210.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.01012.x ↗
31. Kang MS, Oh JS, Kang IC, Hong SJ, Choi CHJ (2008) Inhibitory effect of methyl gallate and gallic acid on oral bacteria. J Microbiology 46:744–750. doi: 10.1007/s12275-008-0235-710.1007/s12275-008-0235-7 ↗
32. Kennedy JA, Powell K, Kipton J (1985) Polyphenol interactions with aluminum(III) and iron(III): their possible involvement in the podzolization process. Aust J Chem 38:879–888. doi: 10.1071/CH985087910.1071/CH9850879 ↗
33. Khodja AA, Sehili T, Pilichowski JF, Boule P (2001) Photocatalytic degradation of 2-phenylphenol on TiO2 and ZnO in aqueous suspensions. J Photochem Photobiol A 141:231–236. doi: 10.1016/S1010-6030(01)00423-310.1016/S1010-6030(01)00423-3 ↗
34. Kim SW, Han YW, Lee ST, Jeong HJ, Kim SH, Kim IH, Lee SO, Kim DG, Kim SZ, Park WH (2008) A superoxide anion generator, pyrogallol, inhibits the growth of HeLa cells via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Mol Carcinog 47:114–125. doi: 10.1002/mc.2036910.1002/mc.20369 ↗
35. Konenkamp R, Word RC, Godinez M (2005) Ultraviolet electroluminescence from ZnO/polymer heterojunction light-emitting diodes. Nano Lett 5:2005–2008. doi: 10.1021/nl051501r10.1021/nl051501r ↗
36. Kong XY, Ding Y, Yang R, Wang ZL (2004) Single-crystal nanorings formed by epitaxial self-coiling of polar nanobelts. Science 303:1348–1352. doi: 10.1126/science.109235610.1126/science.1092356 ↗
37. Koren E, Kohen R, Ginsburg IA (2009) A cobalt-based tetrazolium salts reduction test to assay polyphenols. J Agric Food Chem 57:7644–7650. doi: 10.1021/jf900644910.1021/jf9006449 ↗
38. Kratz JM, Andrighetti-Frohner CR, Leal PC, Nunes RJ, Yunes RA, Trybala E, Bergstrom T, Barardi CR, Simoes CM (2008) Evaluation of anti-HSV-2 activity of gallic acid and pentyl gallate. Biol Pharm Bull 31:903–907. doi: 10.1248/bpb.31.90310.1248/bpb.31.903 ↗
39. Kumar N, Dorfman A, Hahm J (2006) Ultrasensitive DNA sequence detection using nanoscale ZnO sensor arrays. Nanotechnology 17:2875. doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/17/12/00910.1088/0957-4484/17/12/009 ↗
40. Law M, Greene LE, Johnson JC, Saykally R, Yang PD (2005) Nanowire dye-sensitized solar cells. Nat Mater 4:455–459. doi: 10.1038/nmat138710.1038/nmat1387 ↗
41. Le Nest G, Caille O, Woudstra M, Roche S, Guerlesquin F, Lexa D (2004) Zn–polyphenol chelation: complexes with quercetin, (+)-catechin, and derivatives: I optical and NMR studies. Inorg Chim Acta 357:775–784. doi: 10.1016/j.ica.2003.09.01410.1016/j.ica.2003.09.014 ↗
42. Leenheer JA, Brown GK, MacCarthy P, Cabaniss SE (1998) Models of metal binding structures in fulvic acid from the Suwannee river, Georgia. Environ Sci Technol 32:2410–2416. doi: 10.1021/es970897910.1021/es9708979 ↗
43. Li CY (2009) Polymer single crystal meets nanoparticles. J Polym Sci Poly Phys 47:2436–2440. doi: 10.1002/polb.2185510.1002/polb.21855 ↗
44. Li Z, Du YM (2003) Biomimic synthesis of CdS nanoparticles with enhanced luminescence. Mater Lett 57:2480. doi: 10.1016/S0167-577X(02)01297-110.1016/S0167-577X(02)01297-1 ↗
45. Liaoa DL, Badoura CA, Liao BQ (2008) Preparation of nanosized TiO2/ZnO composite catalyst and its photocatalytic activity for degradation of methyl orange. J Photochem Photobiol A 194:11–19. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2007.07.00810.1016/j.jphotochem.2007.07.008 ↗
46. Lin Z, Jiang F, Chen L, Yuan D, Hong M (2005) New 3-D chiral framework of indium with 1, 3, 5-benzenetricarboxylate. Inorg Chem 44:73–76. doi: 10.1021/ic049496210.1021/ic0494962 ↗
47. Lizama C, Freer J, Baeza J, Mansilla HD (2002) Optimized photodegradation of reactive blue 19 on TiO2 and ZnO suspensions. Catal Today 76:235–239. doi: 10.1016/S0920-5861(02)00222-510.1016/S0920-5861(02)00222-5 ↗
48. Ma C, Ding Y, Moore D, Wang XD, Wang ZL (2004) Single-crystal CdSe Nanosaws. J Am Chem Soc 126:708–709. doi: 10.1021/ja039564410.1021/ja0395644 ↗
49. Ma N, Yang J, Stewart KM, Kelle SO (2007) DNA-passivated CdS nanocrystals: luminescence, bioimaging, and toxicity profiles. Langmuir 23:12783–12787. doi: 10.1021/la701772710.1021/la7017727 ↗
50. Ma Y, Mehltretter G, Plüg C, Rademacher N, Schmidt MU, Co¨lfen H (2009) PY181 pigment microspheres of nanoplates synthesized via polymer-induced liquid precursors. Adv Funct Mater 19:2095–2101. doi: 10.1002/adfm.20090031610.1002/adfm.200900316 ↗
51. Mahamuni S, Borgohain K, Bendre BS (1999) Spectroscopic and structural characterization of electrochemically grown ZnO quantum dots. J Appl Phys 85:2861–2865. doi: 10.1063/1.36904910.1063/1.369049 ↗
52. Mai FD, Chen CC, Chen JL, Liu SC (2008) Photodegradation of methyl green using visible irradiation in ZnO suspensions: determination of the reaction pathway and identification of intermediates by a high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry method. J Chromatogr A 1189:355–365. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.01.02710.1016/j.chroma.2008.01.027 ↗
53. Mandal D, Bolander ME, Mukhopadyay D, Sarker G, Mukherjee P (2006) The use of microorganisms for the formation of metal nanoparticles and their application. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 69:485–492. doi: 10.1007/s00253-005-0179-310.1007/s00253-005-0179-3 ↗
54. Mann S (1993) Molecular tectonics in biomineralization and biomimetic materials chemistry. Nature 365:499–505. doi: 10.1038/365499a010.1038/365499a0 ↗
55. Mann S (2001) Biomineralization: principles and concepts in bioinorganic materials chemistry. In: Compton RG, Davies G, Evans J (eds), chapter 4. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 38–6710.1093/oso/9780198508823.001.0001 ↗
56. Marci C, Augugliaro V, Munoz MJL, Martin C, Palmisano L, Rives V, Sehhiavello M, Tilley RJD, Venezia AM (2001) Preparation characterization and photocatalytic activity of polycrystalline ZnO/TiO2 systems. J Phys Chem B 105:1026–1032. doi: 10.1021/jp00317210.1021/jp003172r ↗
57. Masumoto Y, Takagahara T (2002) Semiconductor quantum dots: physics, spectroscopy and applications. In: Avouris P, Klaus von Klitzing DHC, Sakaki H, Wiesendanger R (eds), chapter 12. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 457–47910.1007/978-3-662-05001-9 ↗
58. McDonald M, Mila I, Scalbert A (1996) Precipitation of metal ions by plant polyphenols: optimal conditions and origin of precipitation. J Agric Food Chem 44:599–606. doi: 10.1021/jf950459q10.1021/jf950459q ↗
59. Melo R, Leal JP, Takács E, Wojnárovits L (2009) Radiolytic degradation of gallic acid and its derivatives in aqueous solution. J Hazard Mater 172:1185–1192. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.12210.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.122 ↗
60. Murciaa MJ, Shawa DL, Long EC, Naumann CA (2008) Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy of CdSe/ZnS quantum dot optical bioimaging probes with ultra-thin biocompatible coatings. Optics Commun 281:1771–1780. doi: 10.1016/j.optcom.2007.07.06910.1016/j.optcom.2007.07.069 ↗
61. Murugavel R, Krishnamurthy D, Sathiyendiran M (2002) Anionic metal-organic and cationic organic layer alternation in the coordination polymers [{M(BTEC)(OH2)4}·{C4H12N2}·4H2O]n (M = Co, Ni, and Zn; BTEC = 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylate). J Chem Soc Dalton Trans 31:34–39. doi: 10.1039/B105687P10.1039/b105687p ↗
62. Newman MD, Stotland M, Ellis JI (2009) The safety of nanosized particles in titanium dioxide—and zinc oxide—based sunscreens. J Am Acad Dermatol 61:685–692. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.02.05110.1016/j.jaad.2009.02.051 ↗
63. Niemetz R, Gross GG (2005) Enzymology of gallotannin and ellagitannin biosynthesis. Phytochemistry 66:2001–2011. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.01.00910.1016/j.phytochem.2005.01.009 ↗
64. Öztürk S, Taşaltin N, Kilinç N, Öztürk ZZ (2009) Fabrication of ZnO nanotubes using AAO template and sol-gel method. J Optoelectron Biomed Mater 1:15–19. doi: 10.1007/s00339-009-5504-8575LZ
65. Parida KM, Dash SS, Das DP (2006) Physico-chemical characterization and photocatalytic activity of zinc oxide prepared by various methods. J Colloid Interface Sci 298:787–793. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.12.05310.1016/j.jcis.2005.12.053 ↗
66. Park SK, Park JH, Ko KY, Yoon S, Chu KS, Kim W, Do YR (2009) Hydrothermal-electrochemical synthesis of ZnO nanorods. Cryst Growth Des 9:3615–3620. doi: 10.1021/cg900359310.1021/cg9003593 ↗
67. Percherancier JP, Chapelion R, Pouyet B (1995) Semiconductor sensitized photodegradation of pestcides in water: the case of carbetamide. J Photochem Photobiol A 87:261–265. doi: 10.1016/1010-6030(94)03993-510.1016/1010-6030(94)03993-5 ↗
68. Poulios I, Kositzi M, Kouras A (1998) Photocatalytic decomposition of trichlopyr over aqueous semiconductor suspensions. J Photochem Photobiol A 115:175–179. doi: 10.1016/S1010-6030(98)00259-710.1016/S1010-6030(98)00259-7 ↗
69. Prathna T.C., L. Mathew, N. Chandrasekaran, Ashok M. Raichur, A. Mukherjee (2010). Biomimetic synthesis of nanoparticles: science, technology & applicability, biomimetics learning from nature. In: Amitava M (ed). ISBN: 978-953-307-025-4, InTech. Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/biomimetic-synthesis-of-nanoparticles-science-technology-amp-applicability10.5772/8776 ↗
70. Robert F, Tinant B, Clérac R, Jacquemin P-L, Garcia Y (2010) Self assembly of asymmetric tetranuclear Cu(II) [2 X 2] grid-like complexes and of a dinuclear Ni(II) complex from pyridyl-phenol schiff base ligands. Polyhedron 29:2739–2746. doi: 10.1016/j.poly.2010.06.01710.1016/j.poly.2010.06.017 ↗
71. Salvador A, Pascual-Martía MC, Adella JR, Requenia A, March JG (2000) Analytical methodologies for atomic spectrometric determination of metallic oxides in UV sunscreen creams. J Pharm Biomed 22:301–306. doi: 10.1016/S0731-7085(99)00286-110.1016/S0731-7085(99)00286-1 ↗
72. Sawai J, Yoshikawa T (2004) Quantitative evaluation of antifungal activity of metallic oxide powders (MgO, CaO and ZnO) by an indirect conductimetric assay. J Appl Microbiol 96:803–809. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.0223410.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02234.x ↗
73. Sawai J, Igarashi H, Hashimoto A, Kokugan T, Shimizu M (1995) Evaluation of growth inhibitory effect of ceramics powder slurry on bacteria by conductance method. J Chem Eng Jpn 28:288–293. doi: 10.1252/jcej.28.28810.1252/jcej.28.288 ↗
74. Shenton W, Douglas T, Young M, Stubbs G, Mann S (1999) Inorganic-organic nanotube composites from template mineralization of tobacco mosaic virus. Adv Mater 11:253–256. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-409510.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(199903)11:3<253::AID-ADMA253>3.0.CO;2-7 ↗
75. Slabbert N (1991) Complexation of condensed tannins with metal ions. In: Hemingway RW, Laks PE (eds) Plant polyphenols. Plenum Press, New York, pp 421–445
76. Slocik JM, Moore JT, Wright DW (2002) Monoclonal antibody recognition of histidine-rich peptide encapsulated nanoclusters. Nano Lett 2:169–173. doi: 10.1021/nl015706l10.1021/nl015706l ↗
77. Spanhel L, Anderson MA (1991) Semiconductor clusters in the sol-gel process: quantized aggregation, gelation, and crystal growth in concentrated zinc oxide colloids. J Am Chem Soc 113:2826–2833. doi: 10.1021/ja00008a00410.1021/ja00008a004 ↗
78. Spear RL, Tamayev R, Fath KR, Banerjee IA (2007) Templated growth of calcium phosphate on tyrosine derived microtubules and their biocompatibility. Colloid Surfaces B 60:158–166. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2007.05.02510.1016/j.colsurfb.2007.05.025 ↗
79. Stallings MD, Morrison MM, Sawyer DT (1981) Redox chemistry of metal-catechol complexes in aprotic media. 1. Electrochemistry of substituted catechols and their oxidation products. Inorg Chem 20:2655–2660. doi: 10.1021/ic50222a05310.1021/ic50222a053 ↗
80. Stauffer MT, Weber SG (1999) Optical control of divalent metal ion binding to a photochromic catechol: photoreversal of tightly bound Zn2+. Anal Chem 71:1146–1151. doi: 10.1021/ac980582r10.1021/ac980582r ↗
81. Storhoff JJ, Mirkin CA (1999) Programmed materials synthesis with DNA. Chem Rev 99:1849–1862. doi: 10.1021/cr970071p10.1021/cr970071p ↗
82. Storks KH (1938) Electron-diffraction examination of some linear high polymers. J Am Chem Soc 60:1753–1761. doi: 10.1021/ja01275a01310.1021/ja01275a013 ↗
83. Tan F, Qu S, Wu J, Liu K, Zhou S, Wang Z (2011) Preparation of SnS2 colloidal quantum dots and their application in organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells. Nanoscale Res Lett 6:298. doi: 10.1186/1556-276X-6-29810.1186/1556-276X-6-298 ↗
84. Tayade RJ, Natarajan TS, Bajaj HC (2009) Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye using ultraviolet light emitting diodes. Ind Eng Chem Res 48:10262–10267. doi: 10.1021/ie901243710.1021/ie9012437 ↗
85. Tian ZR, Voigt JA, Liu J, Mckenzie B, Mcdermott MJ, Rodriguez MA, Konishi H, Xu H (2003) Complex and oriented ZnO nanostructures. Nat Mater 2:821–826. doi: 10.1038/nmat101410.1038/nmat1014 ↗
86. Tsukazaki A, Kubota M, Ohtomo A, Onuma T, Ohtani K, Ohno H, Chichibu SF, Kawasaki M (2005) Blue light-emitting diode based on ZnO. Jpn J Appl Phys 44:L643–L645. doi: 10.1143/JJAP.44.L64310.1143/JJAP.44.L643 ↗
87. Tsuzuki T, McCormick PG (2001) ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by mechanochemical processing. Scripta Mater 44:1731–1734. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/26/1/07510.1016/S1359-6462(01)00793-X ↗
88. Wang ZL, Song JH (2006) Piezoelectric nanogenerators based on zinc oxide nanowire arrays. Science 312:242–246. doi: 10.1126/science.112400510.1126/science.1124005 ↗
89. Wang XD, Summers CJ, Wang ZL (2004) Large-scale hexagonal-patterned growth of aligned ZnO nanorods for nano-optoelectronics and nanosensor arrays. Nano Lett 4:423–426. doi: 10.1021/nl035102c10.1021/nl035102c ↗
90. Wanga W, Chena Q, Jianga C, Yanga D, Liub X, Xu S (2007) One-step synthesis of biocompatible gold nanoparticles using gallic acid in the presence of poly-(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone). Colloid Surface A 301:73–79. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.12.03710.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.12.037 ↗
91. Warrier M, Lo MKF, Monbouquette H, Garcia-Garibay MA (2004) Photocatalytic reduction of aromatic azides to amines using CdS and CdSe nanoparticles. Photochem Photobiol Sci 3:859–863. doi: 10.1039/B404268A10.1039/b404268a ↗
92. Watt AA, Blake D, Warner JH, Thomsen EA, Tavenner EL, Dunlop HR, Meredith P (2005) Lead sulfide nanocrystal: conducting polymer solar cells. J Phys D Appl Phys 38:2006–2012. doi: 10.1088/0022-3727/38/12/02310.1088/0022-3727/38/12/023 ↗
93. Xu X, Wang J, Tian J, Wang X, Dai J, Liu X (2011) Hydrothermal and post-heat treatments of TiO2/ZnO composite powder and its photodegradation behavior on methyl orange. Ceram Int 37:2201–2206. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2011.03.06710.1016/j.ceramint.2011.03.067 ↗
94. Xua A, Li X, Yec S, Yinc G, Zeng Q (2011) Catalyzed oxidative degradation of methylene blue by in situ generated cobalt(II)-bicarbonate complexes with hydrogen peroxide. Appl Catal B Environ 102:37–43. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2010.11.02210.1016/j.apcatb.2010.11.022 ↗
95. Yakimova R, Steinhoff G, Petoral RM Jr, Vahlberg C, Khranovskyy V, Yazdi GR, Uvdal K, Spetz AL (2007) Novel material concepts of transducers for chemical and biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 22:2780–2785. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.12.03210.1016/j.bios.2006.12.032 ↗
96. Yamamoto O, Sawai J, Sasamoto T (2000) Change in antibacterial characteristics with doping amount of ZnO in MgO–ZnO solid solution. Int J Inorg Mater 2:451–454. doi: 10.1016/S1466-6049(00)00045-310.1016/S1466-6049(00)00045-3 ↗
97. Yeber MC, Rodriguez J, Freer J, Baeza J, Duran N, Mansilla HD (1999) Advanced oxidation of a pulp mill bleaching wastewater. Chemosphere 39:1679–1683. doi: 10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00068-510.1016/S0045-6535(99)00068-5 ↗
98. Yen G-C, Duh P-D, Tsai HL (2002) Antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties of ascorbic acid and gallic acid. Food Chem 79:307–313. doi: 10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00145-010.1016/S0308-8146(02)00145-0 ↗
99. Yoosaf K, Ipe BI, Suresh C, Thomas KG (2007) In situ synthesis of metal nanoparticles and selective naked-eye detection of lead ions from aqueous media. J Phys Chem C 111:12839–12847. doi: 10.1021/jp073923q10.1021/jp073923q ↗
100. You BR, Moon HJ, Han YH, Park WH (2010a) Gallic acid inhibits the growth of HeLa cervical cancer cells via apoptosis and/or necrosis. Food Chem Toxicol 48:1334–1340. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.02.03410.1016/j.fct.2010.02.034 ↗