Solvothermal synthesis of hydrophobic carbon dots in reversed micelles
Source abstract
Abstract
Synthesis of hydrophobic luminescent carbon nanostructures in non-aqueous solution has been performed. The system consisted of hexane as nonpolar “oil” phase, nonionic polyoxyethylene (4) lauryl ether (Brij L4) as a surfactant, and either water or dextran sulfate aqueous solution as a polar phase. Carbon nanodots (CND) with a particle size of 5.0 ± 0.7 nm were formed by solvothermal treatment at 180 °C of two- (hexane–Brij L4) and three-component (hexane–Brij L4–aqua solutions) systems. It was found that CND with blue-green-yellow photoluminescence (PL) with linear dependence of emission peak position on excitation wavelength and stability of PL over at least 3 weeks were formed from Brij L4. We found that using small volume of water as the third component helps to reorganize Brij L4 molecules which results in CND PL intensity increase by a factor of 1.5 and quantum yield increase from 2.0 to 2.6% compared to CND from the two-component micellar system. Replacing water with dextran sulfate solution resulted in a lower quantum yield to 2.2%. Thus, addition of small amount of water clearly shows an effect of molecular level organization on properties of CND and results in enhanced quantum yield.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications · Nanocluster Synthesis and Applications · Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (57)
Show source-provided references
1. Aldeek F, Mustin C, Balan L, Roques-Carmes T, Fontaine-Aupart MP, Schneider R (2011) Surface-engineered quantum dots for the labeling of hydrophobic microdomains in bacterial biofilms. Biomaterials 32:5459–5470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.04.01910.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.04.019 ↗
2. Castiglioni C, Negri F, Rigolio M, Zerbi G (2001) Raman activation in disordered graphites of the A1′ symmetry forbidden k≠0 phonon: the origin of the D line. J Chem Phys 115:3769–3778. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.138152910.1063/1.1381529 ↗
3. Chuang C-HM, Brown PR, Bulović V, Bawendi MG (2014) Improved performance and stability in quantum dot solar cells through band alignment engineering. Nat Mater 13:796–801. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat398410.1038/nmat3984 ↗
4. De B, Karak N (2013) A green and facile approach for the synthesis of water soluble fluorescent carbon dots from banana juice. RSC Adv 3:8286–8290. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ra00088e10.1039/c3ra00088e ↗
5. Edison TNJI, Atchudan R, Shim JJ, Kalimuthu S, Ahn BC, Lee YR (2016) Turn-off fluorescence sensor for the detection of ferric ion in water using green synthesized N-doped carbon dots and its bio-imaging. J Photoch Photobio B 158:235–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.03.01010.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.03.010 ↗
6. Ferrari AC, Robertson J (2000) Interpretation of Raman spectra of disordered and amorphous carbon. Phys Rev B 61:14095–14107. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.61.1409510.1103/PhysRevB.61.14095 ↗
7. Fletcher AN (1967) Relative fluorescence quantum yields of quinine sulfate and 2-aminopurine. J Mol Spectrosc 23:221–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(67)90012-410.1016/0022-2852(67)90012-4 ↗
8. Gao H, Sapelkin AV, Titirici MM, Sukhorukov GB (2016) In situ synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots/polyelectrolyte nanocomposite microcapsules with reduced permeability and ultrasound sensitivity. ACS Nano 10:9608–9615. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b0508810.1021/acsnano.6b05088 ↗
9. Goryacheva IY, Sapelkin AV, Sukhorukov GB (2017) Carbon nanodots: mechanisms of photoluminescence and principles of application. TrAC Trends Anal Chem 90:27–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2017.02.01210.1016/j.trac.2017.02.012 ↗
10. Granovsky AA (n.d.) Firefly version 8. http://classic.chem.msu.su/gran/firefly/index.html . Accessed 24 Nov 2017
11. Guo X, Wang C-F, Yu Z-Y, Chen L, Chen S (2012) Facile access to versatile fluorescent carbon dots toward light-emitting diodes. Chem Commun 48:2692–2694. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cc17769b10.1039/c2cc17769b ↗
12. He X, Li H, Liu Y, Huang H, Kang Z, Lee ST (2011) Water soluble carbon nanoparticles: hydrothermal synthesis and excellent photoluminescence properties. Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces 87:326–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.05.03610.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.05.036 ↗
13. Hou Y, Lu Q, Deng J, Li H, Zhang Y (2015) One-pot electrochemical synthesis of functionalized fluorescent carbon dots and their selective sensing for mercury ion. Anal Chim Acta 866:69–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2015.01.03910.1016/j.aca.2015.01.039 ↗
14. Hu S, Trinchi A, Atkin P, Cole I (2015) Tunable photoluminescence across the entire visible spectrum from carbon dots excited by white light. Angew Chem Int Ed 54:2970–2974. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.20141100410.1002/anie.201411004 ↗
15. Huang JJ, Zhong ZF, Rong MZ, Zhou X, Chen XD, Zhang MQ (2014) An easy approach of preparing strongly luminescent carbon dots and their polymer based composites for enhancing solar cell efficiency. Carbon 70:190–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2013.12.09210.1016/j.carbon.2013.12.092 ↗
16. Jelinek R (2017) Carbon quantum dots. In: Carbon quantum dots. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 29–4610.1007/978-3-319-43911-2_3 ↗
17. Jiang C, Wu H, Song X, Ma X, Wang J, Tan M (2014) Presence of photoluminescent carbon dots in Nescafe® original instant coffee: applications to bioimaging. Talanta 127:68–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2014.01.04610.1016/j.talanta.2014.01.046 ↗
18. Jiang K, Sun S, Zhang L, Lu Y, Wu A, Cai C, Lin H (2015) Red, green, and blue luminescence by carbon dots: full-color emission tuning and multicolor cellular imaging. Angew Chemie Int Ed 54:5360–5363. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.20150119310.1002/anie.201501193 ↗
19. Kavitha T, Kim J-O, Jang S, Kim DP, Kang IK, Park SY (2016) Multifaceted thermoresponsive poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) coupled with carbon dots for biomedical applications. Mater Sci Eng C 61:492–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.12.07010.1016/j.msec.2015.12.070 ↗
20. Kokorina AA, Prikhozhdenko ES, Sukhorukov GB, Sapelkin AV, Goryacheva IY (2017) Luminescent carbon nanoparticles: synthesis, studying, applications. Russ Chem Rev 86:1157–1171. https://doi.org/10.1070/RCR475110.1070/RCR4751 ↗
21. Kokorina AA, Prikhozhdenko ES, Tarakina NV, Sapelkin AV, Sukhorukov GB, Goryacheva IY (2018) Dispersion of optical and structural properties in gel column separated carbon nanoparticles. Carbon 127:541–547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2017.11.03910.1016/j.carbon.2017.11.039 ↗
22. Kozák O, Datta KKR, Greplová M, Ranc V, Kašlík J, Zbořil R (2013) Surfactant-derived amphiphilic carbon dots with tunable photoluminescence. J Phys Chem C 117:24991–24996. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp404016610.1021/jp4040166 ↗
23. Kwon W, Rhee S-W (2012) Facile synthesis of graphitic carbon quantum dots with size tunability and uniformity using reverse micelles. Chem Commun 48:5256–5258. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cc31687k10.1039/c2cc31687k ↗
24. Li X, Rui M, Song J, Shen Z, Zeng H (2015a) Carbon and graphene quantum dots for optoelectronic and energy devices: a review. Adv Funct Mater 25:4929–4947. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.20150125010.1002/adfm.201501250 ↗
25. Li X, Zhang S, Kulinich SA, Liu Y, Zeng H (2015b) Engineering surface states of carbon dots to achieve controllable luminescence for solid-luminescent composites and sensitive Be2+ detection. Sci Rep 4:4976. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep0497610.1038/srep04976 ↗
26. Li H, Shao FQ, Huang H, Feng JJ, Wang AJ (2016) Eco-friendly and rapid microwave synthesis of green fluorescent graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots for vitro bioimaging. Sensot Actuat B-Chem 226:506–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2015.12.01810.1016/j.snb.2015.12.018 ↗
27. Li JY, Liu Y, Shu QW, Liang JM, Zhang F, Chen XP, Deng XY, Swihart MT, Tan KJ (2017) One-pot hydrothermal synthesis of carbon dots with efficient up- and down-converted photoluminescence for the sensitive detection of morin in a dual-readout assay. Langmuir 33:1043–1050. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b0422510.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04225 ↗
28. Lim Z-Y, Wu C, Wang WG, Choy KL, Yin H (2015) A novel and anti-agglomerating Ni@yolk–ZrO 2structure with sub-10 nm Ni core for high performance steam reforming of methane. RSC Adv 5:61925–61932. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA10493A10.1039/C5RA10493A ↗
29. Lin L, Zhang S (2012) Creating high yield water soluble luminescent graphene quantum dots via exfoliating and disintegrating carbon nanotubes and graphite flakes. Chem Commun 48:10177–10179. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cc35559k10.1039/c2cc35559k ↗
30. Linehan K, Doyle H (2014) Efficient one-pot synthesis of highly monodisperse carbon quantum dots. RSC Adv 4:18–21. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3RA45083J10.1039/C3RA45083J ↗
31. Liu C, Zhang P, Zhai X, Tian F, Li W, Yang J, Liu Y, Wang H, Wang W, Liu W (2012) Nano-carrier for gene delivery and bioimaging based on carbon dots with PEI-passivation enhanced fluorescence. Biomaterials 33:3604–3613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.01.05210.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.01.052 ↗
32. Liu Y, Xiao N, Gong N, Wang H, Shi X, Gu W, Ye L (2014) One-step microwave-assisted polyol synthesis of green luminescent carbon dots as optical nanoprobes. Carbon 68:258–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2013.10.08610.1016/j.carbon.2013.10.086 ↗
33. Liu Y, Zhou L, Li Y, Deng R, Zhang H (2017) Highly fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots with excellent thermal and photo stability applied as invisible ink for loading important information and anti-counterfeiting. Nanoscale 9:491–496. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6NR07123F10.1039/C6NR07123F ↗
34. Ma Z, Ming H, Huang H, Liu Y, Kang Z (2012) One-step ultrasonic synthesis of fluorescent N-doped carbon dots from glucose and their visible-light sensitive photocatalytic ability. New J Chem 36:861–864. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2nj20942j10.1039/c2nj20942j ↗
35. Mitra S, Chandra S, Kundu T, Banerjee R, Pramanik P, Goswami A (2012) Rapid microwave synthesis of fluorescent hydrophobic carbon dots. RSC Adv 2:12129–12131. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ra21048g10.1039/c2ra21048g ↗
36. Nie H, Li M, Li Q, Liang S, Tan Y, Sheng L, Shi W, Zhang SXA (2014) Carbon dots with continuously tunable full-color emission and their application in ratiometric pH sensing. Chem Mater 26:3104–3112. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm500366910.1021/cm5003669 ↗
37. Papaioannou N, Marinovic A, Yoshizawa N, Goode AE, Fay M, Khlobystov A, Titirici MM, Sapelkin A (2018) Structure and solvents effects on the optical properties of sugar-derived carbon nanodots. Sci Rep 8:6559. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25012-810.1038/s41598-018-25012-8 ↗
38. Prasannan A, Imae T (2013) One-pot synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from orange waste peels. Ind Eng Chem Res 52:15673–15678. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie402421s10.1021/ie402421s ↗
39. Reyes-Contreras D, Camacho-López M, Camacho-López MA, Camacho-López S, Rodríguez-Beltrán RI, Mayorga-Rojas M (2015) Influence of the per pulse laser fluence on the optical properties of carbon nanoparticles synthesized by laser ablation of solids in liquids. Opt Laser Technol 74:48–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2015.05.01010.1016/j.optlastec.2015.05.010 ↗
40. Salinas-Castillo A, Ariza-Avidad M, Pritz C, Camprubí-Robles M, Fernández B, Ruedas-Rama MJ, Megia-Fernández A, Lapresta-Fernández A, Santoyo-Gonzalez F, Schrott-Fischer A, Capitan-Vallvey LF (2013) Carbon dots for copper detection with down and upconversion fluorescent properties as excitation sources. Chem Commun 49:1103–1105. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cc36450f10.1039/c2cc36450f ↗
41. Sarswat PK, Free ML (2015) Light emitting diodes based on carbon dots derived from food, beverage, and combustion wastes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 17:27642–27652. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CP04782J10.1039/C5CP04782J ↗
42. Shinde DB, Pillai VK (2012) Electrochemical preparation of luminescent graphene quantum dots from multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Chem-Eur J 18:12522–12528. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.20120104310.1002/chem.201201043 ↗
43. Tan XW, Romainor ANB, Chin SF, Ng SM (2014) Carbon dots production via pyrolysis of sago waste as potential probe for metal ions sensing. J Anal Appl Pyrol 105:157–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2013.11.00110.1016/j.jaap.2013.11.001 ↗
44. Tatarchuk VV, Druzhinina IA, Zaikovskii VI, Maksimovskii EA, Gromilov SA, Gevko PN, Petrova NI (2017) Synthesis of gold nanoparticles and thin films with the use of micellar solution of Brij 30. Russ J Inorg Chem 62:372–379. https://doi.org/10.1134/S003602361703018410.1134/S0036023617030184 ↗
45. Tuinstra F, Koenig JL (1970) Raman spectrum of graphite. J Chem Phys 53:1126–1130. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.167410810.1063/1.1674108 ↗
46. Wang F, Chen Y-H, Liu C-Y, Ma D-G (2011a) White light-emitting devices based on carbon dots’ electroluminescence. Chem Commun 47:3502–3504. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0cc05391k10.1039/c0cc05391k ↗
47. Wang X, Qu K, Xu B, Ren J, Qu X (2011b) Microwave assisted one-step green synthesis of cell-permeable multicolor photoluminescent carbon dots without surface passivation reagents. J Mater Chem 21:2445–2450. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0jm02963g10.1039/c0jm02963g ↗
48. Wu ZL, Zhang P, Gao MX, Liu CF, Wang W, Leng F, Huang CZ (2013) One-pot hydrothermal synthesis of highly luminescent nitrogen-doped amphoteric carbon dots for bioimaging from Bombyx mori silk – natural proteins. J Mater Chem B 1:2868–2873. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3tb20418a10.1039/c3tb20418a ↗
49. Yang Z-C, Wang M, Yong AM, Wong SY, Zhang XH, Tan H, Chang AY, Li X, Wang J (2011) Intrinsically fluorescent carbon dots with tunable emission derived from hydrothermal treatment of glucose in the presence of monopotassium phosphate. Chem Commun 47:11615–11617. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cc14860e10.1039/c1cc14860e ↗
50. Yang Z, Xu M, Liu Y, He F, Gao F, Su Y, Wei H, Zhang Y (2014) Nitrogen-doped, carbon-rich, highly photoluminescent carbon dots from ammonium citrate. Nanoscale 6:1890–1895. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3NR05380F10.1039/C3NR05380F ↗
51. Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Kalytchuk S, Kershaw SV, Wang Y, Wang P, Zhang T, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Cui T, Wang Y, Zhao J, Yu WW, Rogach AL (2013) Color-switchable electroluminescence of carbon dot light-emitting diodes. ACS Nano 7:11234–11241. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn405017q10.1021/nn405017q ↗
52. Zhao HX, Liu LQ, Liu Z De, et al (2011) Highly selective detection of phosphate in very complicated matrixes with an off–on fluorescent probe of europium-adjusted carbon dots. Chem Commun 47:2604–2606 . doi: https://doi.org/10.1039/c0cc04399k10.1039/c0cc04399k ↗
53. Zheng B, Liu T, Paau MC, Wang M, Liu Y, Liu L, Wu C, du J, Xiao D, Choi MMF (2015) One pot selective synthesis of water and organic soluble carbon dots with green fluorescent emission. RSC Adv 5:11667–11675. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA16529B10.1039/C4RA16529B ↗
54. Zhu S, Meng Q, Wang L, Zhang J, Song Y, Jin H, Zhang K, Sun H, Wang H, Yang B (2013) Highly photoluminescent carbon dots for multicolor patterning, sensors, and bioimaging. Angew Chemie Int Ed 52:3953–3957. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.20130051910.1002/anie.201300519 ↗
55. Zhu S, Song Y, Zhao X, Shao J, Zhang J, Yang B (2015) The photoluminescence mechanism in carbon dots (graphene quantum dots, carbon nanodots, and polymer dots): current state and future perspective. Nano Res 8:355–381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-014-0644-310.1007/s12274-014-0644-3 ↗
56. Zong J, Zhu Y, Yang X, Shen J, Li C (2011) Synthesis of photoluminescent carbogenic dots using mesoporous silica spheres as nanoreactors. Chem Comm 47:764–766. https://doi.org/10.1039/C0CC03092A10.1039/C0CC03092A ↗
57. Zuo P, Lu X, Sun Z, Guo Y, He H (2016) A review on syntheses, properties, characterization and bioanalytical applications of fluorescent carbon dots. Microchim Acta 183:519–542. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-015-1705-310.1007/s00604-015-1705-3 ↗