A sampler designed for nanoparticles and respirable particles with direct analysis feature
Source abstract
Abstract
A sampler has been designed to collect particles in the nanometer and respirable sizes directly onto a membrane filter and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grid. The novel design aspects of this sampler include the selection of the diameter of the inlet probe, geometry of the sampler, and the resulting air flow to the sampler. Together, they control the cutoff diameter, which was determined experimentally to be a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 3.8 μm. The maximum aerodynamic diameter entering the sampler is designed to be approximately 8 μm. Nanometer-sized particles are collected on both the filter and grid through diffusion, as confirmed by testing with aluminum oxide engineered nanoparticles collected on the filter which measured a count median diameter (CMD) of 500 nm and a geometric standard deviation (GSD) of 1.97. The primary particles and small agglomerates collected on the grid have a CMD of 100 nm and GSD of 2.3. This diffusion sampler collected close to, if not 100%, of the particles entering the sampler. The sampler is easily wearable for personal exposure and environmental sampling, operates at 0.3 L/min, and can collect particles in various settings at indoor and outdoor environments. Particles are analyzed directly by transmission electron microscope on the grid and by scanning electron microscope on the filter to assess the exposure through particle counts and elemental composition analysis.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Air Quality and Health Impacts · Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows · Aerosol Filtration and Electrostatic Precipitation
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (45)
Show source-provided references
1. Almich BP, Carson GA (1974) Some effects of charging on 10-mm nylon cyclone performance. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 35:603–61210.1080/0002889748507080 ↗
2. Briant JK, Moss OR (1984) The influence of electrostatic charge on the performance of 10-mm nylon cyclones. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 45(440):440–44510.1080/15298668491400070 ↗
3. Cena L, Peters T (2011) Characterization and control of airborne particles emitted during production of epoxy/carbon nanotube nanocomposites. J Occup Environ Hyg 8:86–9210.1080/15459624.2011.545943 ↗
4. Cena LG, Anthony TR, Peters TM (2011) A personal nanoparticle respiratory deposition (NRD) sampler. Environ Sci Technol 45(15):6483–649010.1021/es201379a ↗
5. Dahm MM, Evans DE, Schubauer-Berigan MK, Birch ME, Fernback JE (2012) Occupational exposure assessment in carbon nanotube and nanofiber primary and secondary manufacturers. Ann Occup Hyg 56(5):542–556
6. Fleischer T, Grunwald A (2007) Making nanotechnology developments sustainable. A role for technology assessment? J Clean Prod 16:889–89810.1016/j.jclepro.2007.04.018 ↗
7. Gorbunov B, Priest ND, Muir RB, Jackson PR, Gnewuch H (2009) A novel size-selective airborne particle size fractionating instrument for health risk evaluation. Ann Occup Hyg 53(3):225–237
8. Hinds WC (1999) Aerosol technology—properties, behavior, and measurement of airborne particles. Wiley-Interscience, New York
9. Johnson DR, Methner MM, Kennedy AJ, Steevens JA (2010) Potential for occupational exposure to engineered carbon-based nanomaterials in environmental laboratory studies. Environ Health Perspect 118(1):49–5410.1289/ehp.0901076 ↗
10. Kuhlbusch TAJ, Asbach C, Fissan H, Gohler D, Stintz M (2011) Nanoparticle exposure at nanotechnology workplaces: a review. Part Fibre Toxicol 8:1–1810.1186/1743-8977-8-22 ↗
11. Lee JH, Lee SB, Bae GN, Jeon KS, Yoon JU, Ji JH, Sung JH, Lee BG, Yang JS, Kim HY, Kang CS, Yu IJ (2010) Exposure assessment of carbon nanotube manufacturing workplaces. Inhal Toxicol 22:369–38110.3109/08958370903367359 ↗
12. Leith D, Miller-Lionberg D, Casuccio G, Lersch T, Lentz H, Marchese A, Volckens J (2014) Development of a transfer function for a personal, Thermophoretic nanoparticle sampler. Aerosol Sci Technol 48(1):81–8910.1080/02786826.2013.861593 ↗
13. Lo LM, Dunn K, Hammond D, Marlow D, Topmiller J, Tsai S, Ellenbecker M, Huang C (2012) Evaluation of engineering controls in a manufacturing facility producing carbon nanotube-based products. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Division of Applied Research and Technology Engineering and Physical Hazard Branch EPHB Report No. 356-13a
14. Maynard AD (2007) Weighing Nanotechnology's risks. Flying Blind, New York
15. Maynard A, Baron P, Foley M, Shvedova A, Kisin E, Castranova V (2004) Exposure to carbon nanotube material: aerosol release during the handling of unrefined single walled carbon nanotube material. J Toxic Environ Health A 67(1):87–10710.1080/15287390490253688 ↗
16. Methner MM, Birch ME, Evans DE, Ku BK, Crouch K, Hoover MD (2007) Case study: identification and characterization of potential sources of worker exposure to carbon nanofibers during polymer composite laboratory operations. J Occup Environ Hyg 4(12):D125–D13010.1080/15459620701683871 ↗
17. Methner M, Crawford C, Geraci C (2012) Evaluation of the potential airborne release of carbon nanofibers during the preparation, grinding, and cutting of epoxy-based nanocomposite material. J Occup Environ Hyg 9(5):308–31810.1080/15459624.2012.670790 ↗
18. Miller A, Frey G, King G, Sunderman C (2010) A handheld electrostatic precipitator for sampling airborne particles and nanoparticles. Aerosol Sci Technol 44(6):417–42710.1080/02786821003692063 ↗
19. NIOSH (1994) Asbestos by TEM. Cincinnati, OH, Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NIOSH method 7402, issue 2
20. NIOSH (2008) Safe nanotechnology in the workplace. Cincinnati, Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NIOSH (DHHS) publication no, 2008-112
21. NIOSH (2009) Approaches to safe technology—managing the health and safety concerns associated with engineered nanomaterials. Cincinnati, OH, Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. DHHS (NIOSH) publication no. 2009-125
22. NIOSH (2011) Occupational exposure to titanium dioxide. Cincinnati, Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. DHHS (NIOSH) publication no. 2011-160
23. NIOSH (2013) Current intelligence bulletin 65—occupational exposure to carbon nanotubes and nanofibers. Cincinnati, Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. DHHS (NIOSH) publication no. 2013-145
24. NSTC (2006) Environmental, health, and safety research needs for engineered nanoscale materials. Washington, D.C., National Science and technology council (NSTC), the National Nanotechnology Initiative, executive Office of the President of the United States
25. Oberdörster E (2004) Manufactured nanomaterials (fullerenes, C60) induce oxidative stress in the brain of juvenile largemouth bass. Environ Health Perspect 112(10):1058–106210.1289/ehp.7021 ↗
26. Park J, Kwak BK, Bae E, Lee J, Kim Y, Choi K, Yi J (2009) Characterization of exposure to silver nanoparticles in a manufacturing facility. J Nanopart Res 11(7):1705–171210.1007/s11051-009-9725-8 ↗
27. Roco MC (2003) Broader societal issues of nanotechnology. J Nanopart Res 5:181–18910.1023/A:1025548512438 ↗
28. Roco MC (2011) Erratum to: the long view of nanotechnology development: the National Nanotechnology Initiative at 10 years. J Nanopart Res 13:1335–133510.1007/s11051-011-0323-1 ↗
29. Schindelin J, Arganda-Carreras I, Frise E, Kaynig V, Longair M, Pietzsch T, Preibisch S, Rueden C, Saalfeld S, Schmid B (2012) Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis. Nat Methods 9(7):676–68210.1038/nmeth.2019 ↗
30. Schulte P, Geraci C, Zumwalde R, Hoover M, Castranova V, Kuempel E, Murashov V, Vainio H, Savolainen K (2008) Sharpening the focus on occupational safety and health in nanotechnology. Scand J Work Environ Health 34(6):407–40910.5271/sjweh.1292 ↗
31. Shvedova A, Castranova V, Kisin ER, Schwegler-Berry D, Murray AR, Gandelsman VZ, Maynard A, Baron P (2003) Exposure to carbon nanotube material: assessment of nanotube cytotoxicity using human keratinocyte cells. J Toxic Environ Health A 66:1909–192610.1080/713853956 ↗
32. Sigma M (n.d.) GTTP02500 Isopore Membrane Filter. Jan. 2018
33. Simeonova PP, Opopol N, Luster MI (2007) Nanotechnology—toxicological issues and environmental safety. Springer, Dordrecht10.1007/978-1-4020-6076-2 ↗
34. Singh S, Nalwa HS (2007) Nanotechnology and health safety—toxicity and risk assessments of nanostructured materials on human health. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 7(9):3048–307010.1166/jnn.2007.922 ↗
35. Spurny K, Lodge J, Frank E, Sheesley D (1969) Aerosol filtration by means of Nuclepore filters structural and filtration properties. ES&T 3(5)10.1021/es60028a004 ↗
36. Su W-C, Vincent JH (2004) Experimental measurements and numerical calculations of aspiration efficiency for cylindrical thin-walled aerosol samplers in perfectly calm air. Aerosol Sci Technol 38(8)10.1080/02786820490462192 ↗
37. Systems D (2017) ProX SLS 500. Retrieved from: https://www.3dsystems.com/3d-printers/prox-sls-500
38. Takagi A, Hirose A, Nishimura T, Fukumori N, Ogata A, Ohashi N, Kitajima S, Kanno J (2008) Induction of mesothelioma in p53+/− mouse by intraperitoneal application of multi-wall carbon nanotube. J Toxicol Sci 33(1):105–11610.2131/jts.33.105 ↗
39. Takagi A, Hirose A, Futakuchi M, Tsuda H, Kanno J (2012) Dose-dependent mesothelioma induction by intraperitoneal administration of multi-wall carbon nanotubes in p53 heterozygous mice. Cancer Sci 103(8):1440–144410.1111/j.1349-7006.2012.02318.x ↗
40. Tsai SJ, Ada E, Isaacs J, Ellenbecker MJ (2009a) Airborne nanoparticle exposures associated with the manual handling of nanoalumina and nanosilver in fume hoods. J Nanopart Res 11(1):147–16110.1007/s11051-008-9459-z ↗
41. Tsai SJ, Hofmann M, Hallock M, Ada E, Kong J, Ellenbecker MJ (2009b) Characterization and evaluation of nanoparticle release during the synthesis of single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition. Environ Sci Technol 43(15):6017–602310.1021/es900486y ↗
42. Tsai CJ, Liu CN, Hung SM, Chen SC, Uang SN, Cheng YS, Zhou Y (2012) Novel active personal nanoparticle sampler for the exposure assessment of nanoparticles in workplaces. Environ Sci Technol 46(8):4546–455210.1021/es204580f ↗
43. Twomey S (1962) Equations for the decay of diffusion of particles in an aerosol flowing through circular and rectangular channels. Bull Obs Puy de Dome 10
44. Warheit DB, Sayes CM, Reed KL, Swain KA (2008) Health effects related to nanoparticle exposures: environmental, health and safety considerations for assessing hazards and risks. Pharmacol Ther 120(1):35–4210.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.07.001 ↗
45. Zarringhalam H, Hopkinson N, Kamperman NF, De Vlieger JJ (2006) Effects of processing on microstructure and properties of SLS nylon 12. Mater Sci Eng A (435)10.1016/j.msea.2006.07.084 ↗