Effect of oxygen partial pressure and VO2 content on hexagonal WO3 thin films synthesized by pulsed laser deposition technique
Source abstract
Abstract
We report on the effect of oxygen partial pressure and vacuum annealing on structural and optical properties of pulsed laser-deposited nanocrystalline WO3 thin films. XRD results show the hexagonal phase of deposited WO3 thin films. The crystallite size was observed to increase with increase in oxygen partial pressure. Vacuum annealing changed the transparent as-deposited WO3 thin film to deep shade of blue color which increases the optical absorption of the film. The origin of this blue color could be due to the presence of oxygen vacancies associated with tungsten ions in lower oxidation states. In addition, the effects of VO2 content on structural, electrochemical, and optical properties of (WO3)1−x (VO2) x nanocomposite thin films have also been systematically investigated. Cyclic voltammogram exhibits a modification with the appearance of an extra cathodic peak for VO2–WO3 thin film electrode with higher VO2 content (x ≥ 0.2). Increase of VO2 content in (WO3)1−x (VO2) x films leads to red shift in optical band gap.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Transition Metal Oxide Nanomaterials · Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors · ZnO doping and properties
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (44)
Show source-provided references
1. Ashokkumar M, Maruthamuthu P (1989) Factors influencing the photocatalytic efficiency of WO3 particles. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 49:249–25810.1016/1010-6030(89)87122-9 ↗
2. Benthem KV, Tan G, Linda K, Noyer D, French RH, Ruhle M (2004) Local optical properties, electron densities, and London dispersion energies of atomically structured grain boundaries. Phys Rev Lett 93:227201–22720410.1103/PhysRevLett.93.227201 ↗
3. Benthem KV, Tan G, French RH, Linda K, Noyer D, Podgornik R, Parsegian VA (2006) Graded interface models for more accurate determination of van der Waals—London dispersion interactions across grain boundaries. Phys Rev B 74:205110–20512110.1103/PhysRevB.74.205110 ↗
4. Christian GD, Purdy WC (1982) The residual current in orthophosphate medium. J Electroanal Chem 3:363–36710.1016/0022-0728(62)80012-6 ↗
5. Cullity BD, Stock SR (2001) Elements of X-Ray diffraction, 3rd edn. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
6. Didomenico M, Wemple SH (1969) Oxygen‐octahedra ferroelectrics. I. Theory of electro‐optical and nonlinear optical effects. J Appl Phys 40:720–73410.1063/1.1657458 ↗
7. Mitsugi F, Hiraiwa E, Ikegami T, Ebihara K (2003) Pulsed laser deposited WO3 thin films for gas sensor. Surf Coat Technol 169:553–55610.1016/S0257-8972(03)00208-1 ↗
8. Gerand B, Nowogrocki G, Guenot J, Figlarz M (1979) Structural study of a new hexagonal form of tungsten trioxide. J Solid State Chem 29:429–43410.1016/0022-4596(79)90199-3 ↗
9. Gillet M, Lemire C, Gillet E, Aguir K (2003) The role of surface oxygen vacancies upon WO3 conductivity. Surf Sci 532:519–52510.1016/S0039-6028(03)00477-1 ↗
10. Gondal MA, Drmosh QA, Yamani ZH, Saleh TA (2009) Synthesis of ZnO2 nanoparticles by laser ablation in liquid and their annealing transformation into ZnO nanoparticles. Appl Surf Sci 256:298–30410.1016/j.apsusc.2009.08.019 ↗
11. Gondal MA, Drmosh QA, Saleh TA (2010) Preparation and characterization of SnO2 nanoparticles using high power pulsed laser. Appl Surf Sci 256:7067–707010.1016/j.apsusc.2010.05.027 ↗
12. Granqvist CG (1990) Window coatings for the future. Thin Solid Films 193:730–74110.1016/0040-6090(90)90225-3 ↗
13. Granqvist CG (1991) Energy-efficient windows: present and forthcoming technology in Material Science for Solar Energy Conversion Systems. Pergamon, Oxford, Chp. 510.1016/B978-0-08-040937-5.50009-7 ↗
14. Granqvist CG, Avendano E, Azens A (2003) Electrochromic coatings and devices: survey of some recent advances. Thin Solid Films 442:201–21110.1016/S0040-6090(03)00983-0 ↗
15. Gyorgy E, Socol G, Mihailescu IN, Ducu C, Ciuca S (2005) Structural and optical characterization of WO3 thin films for gas sensor applications. J Appl Phys 97:093527–09353010.1063/1.1889246 ↗
16. Hersh HN, Kramer WE, McGee JH (1975) Mechanism of electrochromism in WO3. Appl Phys Lett 27:646–64810.1063/1.88346 ↗
17. Hussain OM, Swapnasmitha AS, John J, Pinto R (2005) Structure and morphology of laser-ablated WO3 thin films. Appl Phys A 81:1291–129710.1007/s00339-004-3041-z ↗
18. Ingham B, Hendy SC, Chong SV, Tallon JL (2005) Density-functional studies of tungsten trioxide, tungsten bronzes, and related systems. Phys Rev B 72:075109–07511710.1103/PhysRevB.72.075109 ↗
19. Ito K, Nakzaewa T (1983) Transparent and highly conductive films of ZnO prepared by RF sputtering. Jpn J Appl Phys 22:L245–L24710.1143/JJAP.22.L245 ↗
20. Jelle BP, Hagen G (1999) Performance of an electrochromic window based on polyaniline, Prussian blue and tungsten oxide. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 58:277–28610.1016/S0927-0248(99)00009-4 ↗
21. Kaneko H, Nagao F, Miyake K (1988) Preparation and properties of the dc reactively sputtered tungsten oxide films. J Appl Phys 63:510–51710.1063/1.340272 ↗
22. Kaur D, Jesudasan J, Raychaudhuri P (2005) Pulsed laser deposition of NdNiO3 thin films. Solid State Commun 136:369–37410.1016/j.ssc.2005.06.015 ↗
23. Kumagai N, Kumagai N, Umetzu Y, Tanno K, Pereira-Ramos JP (1996) Synthesis of hexagonal form of tungsten trioxide and electrochemical lithium insertion into the trioxide. Solid State Ionics 86:1443–144910.1016/0167-2738(96)00327-X ↗
24. Kumar A, Singh P, Kaur D, Jesudasan J, Raychaudhuri P (2006) Substrate effect on electrical transport properties of RNiO3 thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition. J Phys D Appl Phys 39:5310–531510.1088/0022-3727/39/24/032 ↗
25. Lee KH, Fang YK, Lee WJ, Ho JJ, Chen KH, Liao KS (2000) Novel electrochromic devices (ECD) of tungsten oxide (WO3) thin film integrated with amorphous silicon germanium photodetector for hydrogen sensor. Sens Actuators B 69:96–9910.1016/S0925-4005(00)00420-2 ↗
26. Lethy KJ, Beena D, Kumar RV, Pillai VPM, Ganesan V, Sathe V, Phase DM (2008) Nanostructured tungsten oxide thin films by the reactive pulsed laser deposition technique. Appl Phys A 91:637–64910.1007/s00339-008-4492-4 ↗
27. Marquez E, Bernal-Oliva AM, Gonzalez-Leal JM, Pricto-Alcon R, Ledesma A, Jimenez-Garay R, Martil I (1999) Optical-constant calculation of non-uniform thickness thin films of the Ge10As15Se75 chalcogenide glassy alloy in the sub-band-gap region (0.1–1.8 eV). Mater Chem Phys 60:231–23910.1016/S0254-0584(99)00078-4 ↗
28. Ohring M (2002) Material science of thin films. Academic Press, San Diego
29. Ozer N, Lampert CM (1998) Electrochromic characterization of sol–gel deposited coatings. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 54:147–15610.1016/S0927-0248(98)00065-8 ↗
30. Pecquenard B, Lecacheux H, Livage J, Julien C (1998) Orthorhombic WO3 formed via a Ti-Stabilized WO3 $$ \frac{1}{3} $$ H2O Phase. J Solid State Chem 135:159–16810.1006/jssc.1997.7618 ↗
31. Pickering R, Tilley RJD (1976) An electron microscope study of tungsten oxides in the composition range WO2.90–2.72. J Solid State Chem 16:247–25510.1016/0022-4596(76)90039-6 ↗
32. Poirier G, Cassanjes FC, Messaddeq Y, Ribeiro SJL (2009) Crystallization of monoclinic WO3 in tungstate fluorophosphate glasses. J Non-Cryst Solids 355:441–44610.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2009.01.008 ↗
33. Qu WM, Wlodarski W (2000) A thin-film sensing element for ozone, humidity and temperature. Sens Actuators B 64:42–4810.1016/S0925-4005(99)00481-5 ↗
34. Ranjbar M, Mahdavi SM, Iraji zad A (2008) Pulsed laser deposition of W-V-O composite films: Preparation, characterization and gasochromic studies. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 92:878–88310.1016/j.solmat.2008.02.018 ↗
35. Regragui M, Jousseaume V, Addou M, Outzourhit A, Bernede JC, El Idrissi B (2001) Electrical and optical properties of WO3 thin films. Thin Solid Films 397:238–24310.1016/S0040-6090(01)01405-5 ↗
36. Robert GP, Ivan PP (2004) Aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition of photochromic tungsten oxide and doped tungsten oxide thin films. J Mater Chem 14:2864–286710.1039/b406337f ↗
37. Rougier A, Quede A (2001) Electrochromism of mixed tungusten-vanadium oxide thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition. J Electrochem Soc 148:H7–H1210.1149/1.1339861 ↗
38. Rougier A, Portemer F, Quede A, Marssi ME (1999) Characterization of pulsed laser deposited WO3 thin films for electrochromic devices. Appl Surf Sci 153:1–910.1016/S0169-4332(99)00335-9 ↗
39. Rougier A, Blyr A, Garcia J, Zhang Q, Impey SA (2002) Electrochromic W-M-O (M=V, Nb) sol-gel thin films: a way to neutral colour. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 71:343–35710.1016/S0927-0248(01)00092-7 ↗
40. Sivakumar R, Gopalakrishnan R, Jayachandran M, Sanjeeviraja C (2007) Preparation and characterization of electron beam evaporated WO3 thin films. Opt Mat 29:679–68710.1016/j.optmat.2005.11.017 ↗
41. Takami H, Kanki T, Ueda S, Kobayashi K, Tanaka H (2010) Electronic structure of W-doped VO2 thin films with giant metal–insulator transition investigated by hard X-ray core-level photoemission spectroscopy. Appl Phys Express 3:063201–06320310.1143/APEX.3.063201 ↗
42. Tauc J (1974) Amorphous and liquid semiconductor. Plenium Press, New York10.1007/978-1-4615-8705-7 ↗
43. Walkingshaw AD, Spaldin NA, Artacho E (2004) Density-functional study of charge doping in WO3. Phys Rev B 70:165110–16511610.1103/PhysRevB.70.165110 ↗
44. Wemple SH, Didomenico M (1971) Behavior of the electronic dielectric constant in covalent and ionic materials. Phys Rev B 3:1338–135110.1103/PhysRevB.3.1338 ↗