journal article·2010-09

An efficient composite growing N-doped TiO2 on multi-walled carbon nanotubes through sol–gel process

Bing-Shun Huang, Feng-Yim Chang, Ming-Yen Wey

Journal of Nanoparticle Research· Volume 12· Issue 7
Publisher page

Abstract

High-activity, visible-light-driven photocatalysts were prepared by forming N-doped TiO2 on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The use of MWCNTs as the support in a N-doped TiO2 system favored electron trapping, because the recombination process could be retarded, thus promoting photocatalytic activity. The prepared photocatalysts were systematically characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunaure–Emmett–Teller (BET) spectroscopy, and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis/DRS). The results indicated that the N-doped TiO2 coated on MWCNTs improved the surface area and slightly modified the optical properties of the composite. The activities of the photocatalysts were probed by photodegradation of methanol in the presence of visible light irradiation. The experimental results revealed that the strong interphase linkage between the MWCNTs and the N-doped TiO2 played a significant role in improving photocatalytic activity. However, the mechanical process for MWCNT–TiO2-x N x mixtures showed lower activity than just pure N-doped TiO2. In this study, N-doped TiO2 precursors coated with pretreated MWCNTs during a sol–gel process could effectively form a MWCNT–TiO2-x N x composite. The composite showed excellent activity and effectively enhanced the efficiency of N-doped TiO2 under the visible light region.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells · Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques · Advanced Nanomaterials in Catalysis

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (35)

Show source-provided references
1. Ahmmad B, Kusumoto Y, Somekawa S, Ikeda M (2008) Carbon nanotubes synergistically enhance photocatalytic activity of TiO2. Catal Commun 9:1410–141310.1016/j.catcom.2007.12.003 ↗
2. An G, Ma W, Sun Z, Liu Z, Han B, Miao S, Miao Z, Ding K (2007) Preparation of titania/carbon nanotube composites using supercritical ethanol and their photocatalytic activity for phenol degradation under visible light irradiation. Carbon 45:1795–180110.1016/j.carbon.2007.04.034 ↗
3. Asahi R, Morikawa T, Ohwaki T, Aoki K, Taga Y (2001) Visible-light photocatalysis in nitrogen-doped titanium oxides. Science 293:269–27110.1126/science.1061051 ↗
4. Buzby S, Barakat MA, Lin H, Ni C, Rykov SA, Chen JG, Shah SI (2006) Visible light photocatalysis with nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles prepared by plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition. J Vac Sci Technol B 24:1210–121410.1116/1.2192544 ↗
5. Charlier JC (2002) Defects in carbon nanotubes. Acc Chem Res 35:1063–106910.1021/ar010166k ↗
6. Chen X, Lou YB, Samia ACS, Burda C, Gole JL (2005) Formation of oxynitride as the photocatalytic enhancing site in nitrogen-doped titania nanocatalysts: comparison to a commercial nanopowder. Adv Funct Mater 15:41–4910.1002/adfm.200400184 ↗
7. Chen CC, Bai HL, Chang SM, Chang CL, Den W (2007) Preparation of N-doped TiO2 photocatalyst by atmospheric pressure plasma process for VOCs decomposition under UV and visible light sources. J Nanopart Res 9:365–37510.1007/s11051-006-9141-2 ↗
8. Cho J, Schaab S, Roether J, Boccaccini A (2008) Nanostructured carbon nanotube/TiO2 composite coatings using electrophoretic deposition (EPD). J Nanopart Res 10:99–10510.1007/s11051-007-9230-x ↗
9. Choi W, Termin A, Hoffmann MR (1994) The role of metal ion dopants in quantum-sized TiO2: correlation between photoreactivity and charge carrier recombination dynamics. J Phys Chem 98:13669–1367910.1021/j100102a038 ↗
10. Duminica FD, Maury F, Hausbrand R (2007) N-doped TiO2 coatings grown by atmospheric pressure MOCVD for visible light-induced photocatalytic activity. Surf Coat Technol 201:9349–935310.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.04.061 ↗
11. Huang BS, Tseng HH, Wey MY (2009) Comparison of visible-light-driven routes of anion-doped TiO2 and composite photocatalyst. J Ceram Soc Jpn 117:753–75810.2109/jcersj2.117.753 ↗
12. Jagadale TC, Takale SP, Sonawane RS, Joshi HM, Patil SI, Kale BB, Ogale SB (2008) N-doped TiO2 nanoparticle based visible light photocatalyst by modified peroxide sol–gel method. J Phys Chem C 112:14595–1460210.1021/jp803567f ↗
13. Janus M, Choina J, Morawski AW (2009) Azo dyes decomposition on new nitrogen-modified anatase TiO2 with high adsorptivity. J Hazard Mater 166:1–510.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.11.024 ↗
14. Jitianu A, Cacciaguerra T, Benoit R, Delpeux S, Beguin F, Bonnamy S (2004) Synthesis and characterization of carbon nanotubes-TiO2 nanocomposites. Carbon 42:1147–115110.1016/j.carbon.2003.12.041 ↗
15. Khan SUM, Al-Shahry M, Ingler WB Jr (2002) Efficient photochemical water splitting by a chemically modified n-TiO2. Science 297:2243–224510.1126/science.1075035 ↗
16. Ling Q, Sun J, Zhou Q, Zhao Q, Ren H (2008) Visible-light-driven boron/ferrum/cerium/titania photocatalyst. J Photochem Photobiol A 200:141–14710.1016/j.jphotochem.2008.07.003 ↗
17. Litter MI, Navío JA (1996) Photocatalytic properties of iron-doped titania semiconductors. J Photochem Photobiol A 98:171–18110.1016/1010-6030(96)04343-2 ↗
18. Liu B, Wen L, Zhao X (2008) The structure and photocatalytic studies of N-doped TiO2 films prepared by radio frequency reactive magnetron sputtering. Sol Energ Mat Sol C 92:1–1010.1016/j.solmat.2007.07.009 ↗
19. Luo Y, Liu J, Xia X, Li X, Fang T, Li S, Ren Q, Li J, Jia Z (2007) Fabrication and characterization of TiO2/short MWNTs with enhanced photocatalytic activity. Mater Lett 61:2467–247210.1016/j.matlet.2006.09.051 ↗
20. Mei L, Liang K, Wang H (2007) N-doping TiO2 thin film prepared by heat treatment in electric field. Catal Commun 8:1187–119010.1016/j.catcom.2006.10.034 ↗
21. Nakamura I, Negishi N, Kutsuna S, Ihara T, Sugihara S, Takeuchi K (2000) Role of oxygen vacancy in the plasma-treated TiO2 photocatalyst with visible light activity for NO removal. J Mol Catal A 161:205–21210.1016/S1381-1169(00)00362-9 ↗
22. Ogawa H, Abe A, Nishikawa M, Hayakawa S (1981) Preparation of tin oxide films from ultrafine particles. J Electrochem Soc 128:685–68910.1149/1.2127481 ↗
23. Rao CNR, Satishkumar BC, Govindaraj A, Nath M (2001) Nanotubes. ChemPhysChem 2:78–10510.1002/1439-7641(20010216)2:2<78::AID-CPHC78>3.0.CO;2-7 ↗
24. Saito T, Matsushige K, Tanaka K (2002) Chemical treatment and modification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Physica B 323:280–28310.1016/S0921-4526(02)00999-7 ↗
25. Serpone N (2006) Is the band gap of pristine TiO2 narrowed by anion- and cation-doping of titanium dioxide in second-generation photocatalysts? J Phys Chem B 110:24287–2429310.1021/jp065659r ↗
26. Wang Y, Hao Y, Cheng H, Ma J, Xu B, Li W, Cai S (1999) The photoelectrochemistry of transition metal-ion-doped TiO2 nanocrystalline electrodes and higher solar cell conversion efficiency based on Zn2+-doped TiO2 electrode. J Mater Sci 34:2773–277910.1023/A:1004658629133 ↗
27. Wang C, Bahnemann DW, Dohrmann JK (2000) A novel preparation of iron-doped TiO2 nanoparticles with enhanced photocatalytic activity. Chem Commun 16:1539–154010.1039/b002988m ↗
28. Wang J, Zhu W, Zhang Y, Liu S (2007a) An efficient two-step technique for nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide synthesizing: visible-light-induced photodecomposition of methylene blue. J Phys Chem C 111:1010–101410.1021/jp066156o ↗
29. Wang Q, Yang D, Chen D, Wang Y, Jiang Z (2007b) Synthesis of anatase titania-carbon nanotubes nanocomposites with enhanced photocatalytic activity through a nanocoating-hydrothermal process. J Nanopart Res 9:1087–109610.1007/s11051-006-9199-x ↗
30. Wang W, Serp P, Kalck P, Silva CG, Faria JL (2008) Preparation and characterization of nanostructured MWCNT–TiO2 composite materials for photocatalytic water treatment applications. Mater Res Bull 43:958–96710.1016/j.materresbull.2007.04.032 ↗
31. Wang S, Gong Q, Liang J (2009) Sonophotocatalytic degradation of methyl orange by carbon nanotube/TiO2 in aqueous solutions. Ultrason Sonochem 16:205–20810.1016/j.ultsonch.2008.08.002 ↗
32. Woan K, Pyrgiotakis G, Sigmund W (2009) Photocatalytic carbon-nanotube-TiO2 composites. Adv Mater 21:2233–223910.1002/adma.200802738 ↗
33. Xie Y, Zhao Q, Zhao X, Li Y (2007) Low temperature preparation and characterization of N-doped and N–S-codoped TiO2 by sol–gel route. Catal Lett 118:231–23710.1007/s10562-007-9175-9 ↗
34. Yamada K, Yamane H, Matsushima S, Nakamura H, Ohira K, Kouya M, Kumada K (2008) Effect of thermal treatment on photocatalytic activity of N-doped TiO2 particles under visible light. Thin Solid Films 516:7482–748710.1016/j.tsf.2008.03.041 ↗
35. Yokosuka Y, Oki K, Nishikiori H, Tatsumi Y, Tanaka N, Fujii T (2009) Photocatalytic degradation of trichloroethylene using N-doped TiO2 prepared by a simple sol–gel process. Res Chem Intermed 35:43–5310.1007/s11164-008-0019-z ↗