Synthesis of nano onion-like fullerenes by chemical vapor deposition using an iron catalyst supported on sodium chloride
Source abstract
Abstract
Nano-carbon materials were synthesized by the catalytic decomposition of acetylene at 420 °C using iron supported on sodium chloride as catalyst. The catalysts contain about 0.3, 1.6, 3.3, and 5.2 wt% iron. The samples were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The results show that nano onion-like fullerenes (NOLFs) surrounding an Fe3C core were obtained using the catalyst containing 0.3 wt% iron. These had a structure of stacked graphitic fragments, with diameters in the range 15–50 nm. When the product was further heat treated under vacuum at 1,100 °C, NOLFs with a clear concentric graphitic layer structure were obtained. The growth mechanism of NOLFs encapsulating metallic cores is suggested to be in accordance with a vapor–solid growth model.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Graphene research and applications · Fullerene Chemistry and Applications · Carbon Nanotubes in Composites
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (20)
Show source-provided references
1. Ali E, Parvaneh J, Fathollah M (2006) High-yield synthesis of carbon nanotubes using a water-soluble catalyst support in catalytic chemical vapor deposition. Carbon 44:1343–134510.1016/j.carbon.2005.12.006 ↗
2. Ding F, Rosen A, Campbell EEB, Falk LKL, Bolton K (2006) Graphitic encapsulation of catalyst particles in carbon nanotube production. J Phys Chem B 110:7666–767010.1021/jp055485y ↗
3. Geng JF, Kinloch IA, Singh C, Golovko VB, Johnson BFG, Shaffer MSP, Li YL, Windle AH (2005) Production of carbon nanofibers in high yields using a sodium chloride support. J Phys Chem B 109:16665–1667010.1021/jp051544w ↗
4. Gulino G, Vieira R, Amadou J, Nguyen P, Ledoux MJ, Galvagno S, Centi G, Pham-Huu C (2005) C2H6 as an active carbon source for a large scale synthesis of carbon nanotubes by chemical vapour deposition. Appl Catal A 279:89–9710.1016/j.apcata.2004.10.016 ↗
5. He CN, Zhao NQ, Shi CS, Du XW, Li JJ (2006) Carbon nanotubes and onions from methane decomposition using Ni/Al catalysts. Mater Chem Phys 97:109–11510.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.07.059 ↗
6. Kathyayini H, Nagaraju N, Fonseca A, Nagy JB (2004) Catalytic activity of Fe, Co and Fe/Co supported on Ca and Mg oxides, hydroxides and carbonates in the synthesis of carbon nanotubes. J Mol Catal A 223:129–13610.1016/j.molcata.2004.02.029 ↗
7. Liu BH, Ding J, Zhong ZY, Dong ZL, White T, Lin JY (2002) Large-scale preparation of carbon-encapsulated cobalt nanoparticles by the catalytic method. Chem Phys Lett 358:96–9710.1016/S0009-2614(02)00592-4 ↗
8. Nasibulin AG, Moisala A, Brown DP, Kauppinen EI (2003) Carbon nanotubes and onions from carbon monoxide using Ni(acac)2 and Cu(acac)2 as catalyst precursors. Carbon 41:2711–272410.1016/S0008-6223(03)00333-6 ↗
9. Nolan PE, Lynch DC, Cutler AH (1996) Graphite encapsulation of catalytic metal nano-particles. Carbon 34:817–81910.1016/0008-6223(96)89471-1 ↗
10. Qiu JS, Zhou Y, Wang LN, Tsang SC (1998) Formation of carbon nanotubes and encapsulated nanoparticles from coals with moderate ash contents. Carbon 36:465–46710.1016/S0008-6223(98)90019-7 ↗
11. Sano N, Akazawa H, Kikuchi T, Kanki T (2003) Separated synthesis of iron-included carbon nanocapsules and nanotubes by pyrolysis of ferrocene in pure hydrogen. Carbon 41:2159–216210.1016/S0008-6223(03)00215-X ↗
12. Schmitt TC, Biris AS, Miller DW, Biris AR, Lupu D, Trigwell S, Rahman ZU (2006) Analysis of effluent gases during the CCVD growth of multi-wall carbon nanotubes from acetylene. Carbon 44:2032–203810.1016/j.carbon.2006.01.008 ↗
13. Sinha AK, Hwang DW, Hwang LP (2000) A novel approach to bulk synthesis of carbon nanotubes with metal by a catalytic chemical vapor deposition method. Chem Phys Lett 332:455–46010.1016/S0009-2614(00)01315-4 ↗
14. Steigerwalt ES, Lukehart CM (2002) Preparation of graphitic carbon nanofibers with the use of water-soluble supports. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2:25–2810.1166/jnn.2002.081 ↗
15. Stig H, Carlos LC, Jens S, Poul LH, Bjerne SC, Jens RRN, Frank AP, Jens KN (2004) Atomic-scale imaging of carbon nanofibre growth. Nature 427:426–42910.1038/nature02278 ↗
16. Ugarte D (1992a) Curling and closure of graphitic networks under electron-beam irradiation. Nature 359:707–70910.1038/359707a0 ↗
17. Ugarte D (1992b) Morphology and structure of graphitic soot particles generated in arc-discharge C60 production. Chem Phys Lett 198:596–59710.1016/0009-2614(92)85035-9 ↗
18. Wang XM, Xu BS, Liu XG, G JJ, Hideki I (2006) Synthesis of Fe included onion-like fullerenes by chemical vapor deposition. Diam Relat Mater 15:147–15010.1016/j.diamond.2005.09.005 ↗
19. Xu BS, Tanaka SI (1998) Formation of giant onion-like fullerenes under Al nanoparticles by electron irradiation. Acta Mater 46:5249–525710.1016/S1359-6454(98)00221-3 ↗
20. Xu BS, Li TB, Han PD, Liu XG, Hideki I (2006) Several features of the iron-included onion-like fullerenes. Mater Lett 60:2042–204510.1016/j.matlet.2005.12.106 ↗