DataVXJournal of Nanoparticle ResearchPaper
journal article·2024-06

Green synthesis of carbon quantum dots from Phragmites communis and its protective effect on Artemia salina under copper stress

Xue Gang, Meng Li, Tianya Lei, Hongmei Zhang, Zhenlin Wei

Journal of Nanoparticle Research· Volume 26· Issue 6
Publisher page
Source abstract

Abstract

Abstract Carbon quantum dots (CQD) and Nitrogen-doped CQDs (N-CQDs) were synthesized through a one-step hydrothermal process, utilizing reed leaves and urea as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The maximum excitation wavelength of CQDs and N2-CQDs was 325 nm, and the corresponding emission wavelength was 407 nm and 406 nm, respectively. Synthetic CQDs have excellent fluorescence properties, while N-doping enhances the fluorescence intensity and stability of CQDs. Next, the adsorption effect of N2-CQDs on various metal ions was also studied using the fluorescence quenching method. The results showed that N2-CQDs have a significant capacity for adsorption of Cu2+ ions. The following quantitative analysis indicated that the Cu2+ concentration showed an excellent linear relationship between 0 ~ 500 µmol/L and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.074 µmol/L. The N2-CQDs at 0-200 µg/mL have no deleterious effects on the viability of HeLa cells and the survival rate of Artemia nauplii. Finally, the agarose gel containing N2-CQDs was constructed, and its absorption behavior of Cu2+ in artificial seawater was evaluated. The results showed that this N2-CQDs-based gel was able to efficiently remove Cu2+ from seawater, leading to a higher survival rate of the nauplii under 10 and 50 mg/L Cu2+ stress. Our results collectively provide a cost-effective method for removing heavy metal ions from seawater and mitigating their harmful effects on sea animals.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications · Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties · Nanocluster Synthesis and Applications

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (56)

Show source-provided references
1. Ge G, Li L, Wang D, Chen M, Zeng Z, Xiong W, Wu X, Guo C (2021) Carbon dots: synthesis, properties and biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 9:6553–6575. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1tb01077h10.1039/d1tb01077h ↗
2. Tejwan N, Saha SK, Das J (2020) Multifaceted applications of green carbon dots synthesized from renewable sources. Adv Colloid Interf Sci 275:102046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2019.10204610.1016/j.cis.2019.102046 ↗
3. Jing HH, Bardakci F, Akgöl S, Kusat K, Adnan M, Alam MJ, Gupta R, Sahreen S, Chen Y, Gopinath SCB, Sasidharan S (2023) Green carbon dots: synthesis, characterization, properties and biomedical applications. J Funct Biomate 14:27. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb1401002710.3390/jfb14010027 ↗
4. Thangaraj B, Solomon PR, Ranganathan S (2019) Synthesis of carbon quantum dots with special reference to biomass as a source-A review. Curr Pharm Des 25:1455–1476. https://doi.org/10.2174/138161282566619061815451810.2174/1381612825666190618154518 ↗
5. Farshbaf M, Davaran S, Rahimi F, Annabi N, Salehi R, Akbarzadeh A (2018) Carbon quantum dots: recent progresses on synthesis, surface modification and applications. Artif Cells Nanome B 46:1331–1348. https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2017.137772510.1080/21691401.2017.1377725 ↗
6. Atchudan R, Perumal S, Edison TNJI, Sundramoorthy AK, Vinodh R, Sangaraju S, Kishore SC, Lee YR (2023) Natural nitrogen-doped carbon dots obtained from hydrothermal carbonization of Chebulic Myrobalan and their sensing ability toward heavy metal ions. Sensors (Basel) 23:787. https://doi.org/10.3390/s2302078710.3390/s23020787 ↗
7. Manikandan V, Lee NY (2022) Green synthesis of carbon quantum dots and their environmental applications. Environ Res 212:113283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.11328310.1016/j.envres.2022.113283 ↗
8. Rani UA, Ng LY, Ng CY, Mahmoudi E (2020) A review of carbon quantum dots and their applications in wastewater treatment. Adv Colloid Interf Sci 278:102124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2020.10212410.1016/j.cis.2020.102124 ↗
9. Kanwal A, Bibi N, Hyder S, Muhammad A, Ren H, Liu J, Lei Z (2022) Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015-2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 13:1068–1107. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.13.9310.3762/bjnano.13.93 ↗
10. Zhao S, Lan M, Zhu X, Xue H, Ng TW, Meng X, Lee CS, Wang P, Zhang W (2015) Green synthesis of bifunctional fluorescent carbon dots from garlic for cellular imaging and free radical scavenging. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7:17054–17060. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b0322810.1021/acsami.5b03228 ↗
11. Liu Y, Wang H, Cui Y, Chen N (2022) Removal of Copper Ions from Wastewater: A Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 20(5):3885. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2005388510.3390/ijerph20053885 ↗
12. Torres LSD, Reddy Bogireddy NK, Kaur I, Batra V, Agarwal V (2022) Heavy metal ion detection using green precursor derived carbon dots. iScience 25:103816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.10381610.1016/j.isci.2022.103816 ↗
13. Devi P, Rajput P, Thakur A, Kim KH, Kumar P (2019) Recent advances in carbon quantum dot-based sensing of heavy metals in water. Trac-Trend Anal Chem 114:171–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2019.03.00310.1016/j.trac.2019.03.003 ↗
14. Zamora-Ledezma C, Negrete-Bolagay D, Figueroa F, Zamora-Ledezma E, Ni M, Alexis F, Guerrero VH (2021) Heavy metal water pollution: A fresh look about hazards, novel and conventional remediation methods. Environ Technol Innov 22:101504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2021.10150410.1016/j.eti.2021.101504 ↗
15. Sall ML, Diaw AKD, Gningue-Sall D, Efremova Aaron S, Aaron JJ (2022) Toxic heavy metals: impact on the environment and human health, and treatment with conducting organic polymers, a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 27:29927–29942. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09354-310.1007/s11356-020-09354-3 ↗
16. Lao Q, Cai S, Huang P, Chen F, Su Q, Lei X, Zhou X, Chen C, Zhu Q, Lu X, Liu G (2022) Contaminant characteristics and influencing factors of heavy metals in seawater and sediments in a typical mariculture bay in South China. Front Mar Sci 9:923494. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.92349410.3389/fmars.2022.923494 ↗
17. Mahboob S, Ahmed Z, Farooq Khan M, Virik P, Al-Mulhm N, Baabbad AA (2022) Assessment of heavy metals pollution in seawater and sediments in the Arabian gulf, near Dammam, Saudi Arabia. J King Saud Univ Sci 34:101677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2021.10167710.1016/j.jksus.2021.101677 ↗
18. Zhou W, Cao Q, Hong M, Lei Y, Wen D, Zhang D (2022) Spatial distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals in seawater and sediments in Jieshi Bay, Shanwei, China. Front Mar Sci 9:1011564. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.101156410.3389/fmars.2022.1011564 ↗
19. Cui L, Cheng C, Li X, Gao X, Lv X, Wang Y, Zhang H, Lei K (2024) Comprehensive assessment of copper's effect on marine organisms under ocean acidification and warming in the 21st century. Sci Total Environ 927:172145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.17214510.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172145 ↗
20. Han X, Wang J, Cai W, Xu X, Sun M (2021) The Pollution status of heavy metals in the surface seawater and sediments of the Tianjin coastal area, north China. Int J Env Res Pub He 18:11243. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18211124310.3390/ijerph182111243 ↗
21. Cao R, Zhang Y, Ju Y, Wang W, Xi C, Liu W, Liu K (2022) Exacerbation of copper pollution toxicity from ocean acidification: A comparative analysis of two bivalve species with distinct sensitivities. Environ Pollut 293:118525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.11852510.1016/j.envpol.2021.118525 ↗
22. Leal PP, Hurd CL, Sander SG, Armstrong E, Fernández PA, Suhrhoff TJ, Roleda MY (2018) Copper pollution exacerbates the effects of ocean acidification and warming on kelp microscopic early life stages. Sci Rep 8:14763. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32899-w10.1038/s41598-018-32899-w ↗
23. Zhao S, Song X, Chai X, Zhao P, He H, Liu ZW (2020) Green production of fluorescent carbon quantum dots based on pine wood and its application in the detection of Fe3+. J Clean Prod 263:121561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.12156110.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121561 ↗
24. Kamarol Zaman AS, Tan TL, AP Chowmasundaram Y, Jamaludin N, Sadrolhosseini AR, Rashid U, Rashid SA (2021) Properties and molecular structure of carbon quantum dots derived from empty fruit bunch biochar using a facile microwave-assisted method for the detection of Cu2+ ions. Opt Mater 112:110801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2021.11080110.1016/j.optmat.2021.110801 ↗
25. Rooj B, Dutta A, Islam S, Mandal U (2018) Green synthesized carbon quantum dots from Polianthes tuberose L. petals for copper (II) and iron (II) detection. J Fluoresc 28:1261–1267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-018-2292-610.1007/s10895-018-2292-6 ↗
26. Kumar A, Chowdhuri AR, Laha D, Mahto TK, Karmakar P, Sahu SK (2016) Green synthesis of carbon dots from Ocimum sanctum for effective fluorescent sensing of Pb2+ ions and live cell imaging. Sensor Actuat B-Chem 242:679–686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2016.11.10910.1016/j.snb.2016.11.109 ↗
27. Hashemi N, Mousazadeh MH (2021) Green synthesis of photoluminescent carbon dots derived from red beetroot as a selective probe for Pd2+ detection. J Photoch Photobio A 421:113534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.11353410.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113534 ↗
28. Liu R, Zhang Y, Piao Y, Meng LY (2021) Development of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots as fluorescent probes for highly selective and sensitive detection of the heavy-ion Fe3+. Carbon Lett 31:821–829. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-020-00222-110.1007/s42823-020-00222-1 ↗
29. Bandi R, Dadigala R, Gangapuram BR, Guttena V (2018) Green synthesis of highly fluorescent nitrogen-Doped carbon dots from Lantana camara berries for effective detection of lead (II) and bioimaging. J Photochem Photobiol B 178:330–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.11.01010.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.11.010 ↗
30. Athika M, Prasath A, Duraisamy E, Devi VS, Sharma AS, Elumalai P (2019) Carbon-quantum dots derived from denatured milk for efficient chromium-ion sensing and supercapacitor applications. Mater Lett 241:156–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2019.01.06410.1016/j.matlet.2019.01.064 ↗
31. Singh S, Nigam P, Pednekar A, Mukherjee S, Mishra A (2020) Carbon quantum dots functionalized agarose gel matrix for in solution detection of nonylphenol. Environ Technol 41:322–328. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2018.149813310.1080/09593330.2018.1498133 ↗
32. Cimen ICC, Danabas D, Ates M (2020) Comparative effects of Cu (60-80 nm) and CuO (40 nm) nanoparticles in Artemia salina: Accumulation, elimination and oxidative stress. Sci Total Environ 717:137230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.13723010.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137230 ↗
33. Shen Y, Zhang M, Li Z, Cao S, Lou Y, Cong Y, Jin F, Wang Y (2023) Long-term toxicity of 50-nm and 1-μm surface-charged polystyrene microbeads in the brine shrimp Artemia parthenogenetica and role of food availability. Toxics 11:356. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics1104035610.3390/toxics11040356 ↗
34. Rajivgandhi GN, Ramachandran G, Maruthupandy M, Manoharan N, Alharbi NS, Kadaikunnan S, Khaled JM, Almanaa TN, Li W (2020) Anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Gracilaria corticata against biofilm producing K. pneumoniae. Colloid Surface A 600:124830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.23810.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.238 ↗
35. Rajput S, Kumar D, Agrawal V (2020) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Indian Belladonna extract and their potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and larvicidal activities. Plant Cell Rep 39:921–939. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-020-02539-710.1007/s00299-020-02539-7 ↗
36. Wang ZQ, Wang LN, Wu DQ, Zhang ZG (2006) The actuality and trend in the study of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Tan. exSteud. in China. Shandong Forestry Sci Techno 6:85–87 (in Chinese)
37. Nguyen KG, Baragau IA, Gromicova R, Nicolaev A, Thomson SAJ, Rennie A, Power NP, Sajjad MT, Kellici S (2022) Investigating the effect of N-doping on carbon quantum dots structure, optical properties and metal ion screening. Sci Rep 12:13806. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-16893-x10.1038/s41598-022-16893-x ↗
38. Qi H, Teng M, Liu M, Liu S, Li J, Yu H, Teng C, Huang Z, Liu H, Shao Q, Umar A, Ding T, Gao Q, Guo Z (2019) Biomass-derived nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots: highly selective fluorescent probe for detecting Fe3+ ions and tetracyclines. J Colloid Interface Sci 539:332–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2018.12.04710.1016/j.jcis.2018.12.047 ↗
39. Muthusankar G, Devi RK, Gopu G (2020) Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots embedded Co3O4 with multiwall carbon nanotubes: An efficient probe for the simultaneous determination of anticancer and antibiotic drugs. Biosens Bioelectron 150:111947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2019.11194710.1016/j.bios.2019.111947 ↗
40. Fan X, Jiang L, Liu Y, Sun W, Qin Y, Liao L, Qin A (2023) Chiral CQD-based PL and CD sensors for high sensitive and selective detection of heavy metal ions. Opt Mater 137:113620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2023.11362010.1016/j.optmat.2023.113620 ↗
41. Chang K, Zhu Q, Qi L, Guo M, Gao W, Gao Q (2022) Synthesis and properties of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots using lactic acid as carbon source. Materials (Basel) 15:466.10.3390/ma15020466.10.3390/ma15020466 ↗
42. Baragau IA, Lu Z, Power NP, Morgan DJ, Bowen J, Diaz P, Kellicia S (2021) Continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis of S-functionalised carbon quantum dots for enhanced oil recovery. Chem Eng J 405:126631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.12663110.1016/j.cej.2020.126631 ↗
43. Ma X, Yu J, Wei L, Zhao Q, Ren L, Hu Z (2023) Electrochemical sensor based on N-CQDs/AgNPs/β-CD nanomaterials: Application to simultaneous selective determination of Fe (II) and Fe (III) irons released from iron supplement in simulated gastric fluid. Talanta 253:123959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2022.12395910.1016/j.talanta.2022.123959 ↗
44. Batool M, Junaid HM, Tabassum S, Kanwal F, Abid K, Fatima Z, Shah AT (2020) Metal Ion Detection by Carbon Dots-A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 52(4):756–767. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2020.182411710.1080/10408347.2020.1824117 ↗
45. Maurer-Jones M, Love S, Meierhofer S, Marquis B, Liu Z, Haynes C (2013) Toxicity of nanoparticles to brine shrimp: An introduction to nanotoxicity and interdisciplinary science. J Chem Educ 90:475–478. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed300542410.1021/ed3005424 ↗
46. Nunes BS, Carvalho FD, Guilhermino LM, Van Stappen G (2006) Use of the genus Artemia in ecotoxicity testing. Environ Pollut 144:453–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.12.03710.1016/j.envpol.2005.12.037 ↗
47. Manfra L, Canepa S, Piazza V, Faimali M (2016) Lethal and sublethal endpoints observed for Artemia exposed to two reference toxicants and an ecotoxicological concern organic compound. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 123:60–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.08.01710.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.08.017 ↗
48. Kokkali V, Katramados I, Newman JD (2011) Monitoring the effect of metal ions on the mobility of Artemia salina nauplii. Biosensors (Basel) 1:36–45. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios102003610.3390/bios1020036 ↗
49. Vardhan KH, Kumar PS, Panda RC (2019) A review on heavy metal pollution, toxicity and remedial measures: Current trends and future perspectives. J Mol Liq 290:111197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2019.11119710.1016/j.molliq.2019.111197 ↗
50. Farhan A, Zulfiqar M, Samiah Rashid EU, Nawaz S, Iqbal HMN, Jesionowski T, Bilal M, Zdarta J (2023) Removal of toxic metals from water by nanocomposites through advanced remediation processes and photocatalytic oxidation. Curr Pollut Rep. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-023-00253-y10.1007/s40726-023-00253-y ↗
51. Lindén JB, Larsson M, Kaur S, Skinner WM, Miklavcic SJ, Nann T, Kempson IM, Nydén M (2018) Polyethyleneimine for copper absorption II: kinetics, selectivity and efficiency from seawater. RSC Adv 8:12043. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA00454D10.1039/C8RA00454D ↗
52. Das GS, Shim JP, Bhatnagar A, Tripathi KM, Kim TY (2019) Biomass-derived carbon quantum dots for visible-light-induced photocatalysis and label-free detection of Fe (III) and ascorbic acid. Sci Rep 9:15084. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49266-y10.1038/s41598-019-49266-y ↗
53. Danesh N, Ghorbani M, Marjani A (2021) Separation of copper ions by nanocomposites using adsorption process. Sci Rep 11:1676. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80914-w10.1038/s41598-020-80914-w ↗
54. Fu C, Hsieh C, Juang R, Yang J, Gu S, Gandomi YA (2019) Highly efficient carbon quantum dot suspensions and membranes for sensitive/selective detection and adsorption/recovery of mercury ions from aqueous solutions. J Taiwan Inst Chem E 100:127–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2019.04.01210.1016/j.jtice.2019.04.012 ↗
55. Emenike EC, Iwuozor KO, Anidiobi SU (2022) Heavy metal pollution in aquaculture: sources, impacts and mitigation techniques. Biol Trace Elem Res 200:4476–4492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-03037-x10.1007/s12011-021-03037-x ↗
56. Brix KV, Gerdes RM, Adams WJ, Grosell M (2006) Effects of copper, cadmium, and zinc on the hatching success of brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana). Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 51:580–583. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-005-0244-z10.1007/s00244-005-0244-z ↗