An analysis of “hierarchy of controls” in workplaces and laboratories involving nanomaterials

In occupational settings, occupational health experts utilize risk prediction, identification, and evaluation to proceed with the hierarchy of controls (elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment (PPE)) in order to determine and recommend the most suitable control measures based on the nature of the work, associated hazards, and risk assessment results. While the existing hierarchy of controls for occupational hazards appears suitable from a theoretical, scientific, and practical standpoint, a pertinent question arises: Can this hierarchy of controls, which has demonstrated acceptable efficacy thus far, be effectively applied to novel technologies like nanotechnology, which may introduce new risks? Our investigations showed that elimination and substitution are not applicable in the environments involved with nanomaterials. So, it is suggested that the process of protecting employees involved with nanomaterials initiates with the provision of suitable personal protective equipment recommended for working with nanomaterials as the first step. Concurrently, it is essential to commence comprehensive training addressing the safety, health, and environmental aspects of nanotechnology, with a particular emphasis on the proper utilization, maintenance, and disposal of personal protective equipment. In addition to these measures, it is imperative not to overlook the endeavors aimed at developing and implementing appropriate engineering controls for handling nanomaterials.