Mechanical properties and performance evaluation of aluminum nickel phosphorus bronze MMC reinforced with TiCN + SiC nanopowders for lightweight armored vehicles
Source abstract
Abstract
This study focuses on the fabrication and analysis of aluminum nickel phosphorus bronze (AlNPB) metal matrix composite (MMC), reinforced with synthesized TiCN + SiC nanopowders, for potential ballistic applications. The nanopowders were synthesized via mechanical milling and characterized through PXRD, FTIR, and FESEM analyses. The crystalline size from XRD data averaged 24.8 nm, while the FTIR analysis identified axiometic modes and functional groups of the nanocomposite. SEM images displayed the irregular morphologies of the composite powders. The AlNPB MMC was fabricated by incorporating 2%, 4%, and 6 wt. % of the TiCN + SiC nanocomposite with the bronze alloy, utilizing a stir casting technique. XRD and FESEM results confirmed the formation of the MMC and illustrated the composite`s porous morphology. Mechanical performance, including tensile, compression, and hardness tests, showed optimal properties with 4 wt. % reinforcement, yielding a tensile strength of 753 MPa, a hardness of 448 HBW, and compression strength of 77.9 J, coupled with good corrosion resistance. Furthermore, a ballistic analysis of the MMC demonstrated a reduction in residual strain energy after bullet impact on a 4 wt% reinforcement target plate compared to the 2% and 6% TiCN + SiC nanoparticle-reinforced aluminum bronze matrix composites. This study therefore suggests that an AlNPB MMC with 4 wt% reinforcement offers the most promising balance of mechanical properties for ballistic applications. Graphical abstract
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced materials and composites · Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties · Advanced ceramic materials synthesis
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (40)
Show source-provided references
1. Kuprinenko A, Chornyi M, Mocherad V, Ghahrodi HL (2020) Concept designing of armored fighting vehicles for future combat. Def Sci J 70(4). https://doi.org/10.14429/dsj.70.1470610.14429/dsj.70.14706 ↗
2. Kumar N, Dixit A (2019) Nanomaterials-enabled lightweight military platforms. In: Nanotechnology for Defence Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29880-7_610.1007/978-3-030-29880-7_6 ↗
3. Grujicic M, Pandurangan B, d’Entremont B (2012) The role of adhesive in the ballistic/structural performance of ceramic/polymer–matrix composite hybrid armor. Mater Des 1(41):380–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.05.02310.1016/j.matdes.2012.05.023 ↗
4. Grujicic M, Bell WC, Pandurangan B (2012) Design and material selection guidelines and strategies for transparent armor systems. Mater Des 1(34):808–819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.07.00710.1016/j.matdes.2011.07.007 ↗
5. Giles K (2014) A new phase in Russian military transformation. J Slav Mil Stud 27(1):147–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/13518046.2014.87485010.1080/13518046.2014.874850 ↗
6. Lenihan D, Ronan W, O'Donoghue PE, Leen SB (2019) A review of the integrity of metallic vehicle armour to projectile attack. Proc Inst Mech Eng, Part L: J Mater: Des Appl 233(1):73-94.https://doi.org/10.1177/146442071875970410.1177/1464420718759704 ↗
7. Balos S, Howard D, Brezulianu A, LabusZlatanović D (2021) Perforated plate for ballistic protection—a review. Metals 11:526. https://doi.org/10.3390/met1104052610.3390/met11040526 ↗
8. Yang L, Xu J (2021) Analysis on the development of active protection system for tanks and armored vehicles. J Phys: Conf Ser 1855(1):012034. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1855/1/01203410.1088/1742-6596/1855/1/012034 ↗
9. Srinivasan V, Kunjiappan S, Palanisamy P (2021) A brief review of carbon nanotube reinforced metal matrix composites for aerospace and defense applications. Int Nano Lett 11:321–345. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40089-021-00328-y10.1007/s40089-021-00328-y ↗
10. Zweben C (2015) Composite materials, mechanical engineers’ handbook, Fourth ed., edited by Myer Kutz, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118985960.meh11010.1002/9781118985960.meh110 ↗
11. Siengchin S (2023) A review on lightweight materials for defence applications: a present and future developments. Def Technol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2023.02.02510.1016/j.dt.2023.02.025 ↗
12. Venkatesan S, Jerald J, Sundeep D, Varadharaj EK, Sastry CC (2022) Evaluation of mechanical and corrosion properties of TiB2-Y2O3 nanocomposite fused bronze metal matrix composite. Surf Topogr Metrol Prop 10(3):035003. https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672X/ac7faa10.1088/2051-672X/ac7faa ↗
13. Tsirogiannis EC, Daskalakis E, Hassan MH, Omar AM, Bartolo P (2023) Ballistic design and testing of a composite armour reinforced by CNTs suitable for armoured vehicles. Def Technol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2023.04.01310.1016/j.dt.2023.04.013 ↗
14. Liu K, Jiang X, Chen S, Yuan T, Yan Z (2022) Effect of SiC addition on microstructure and properties of Al–Mg alloy fabricated by powder and wire cold metal transfer process. J Market Res 1(17):310–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.01.01410.1016/j.jmrt.2022.01.014 ↗
15. Ye T, Xu Y, Ren J (2019) Effects of SiC particle size on mechanical properties of SiC particle reinforced aluminum metal matrix composite. Mater Sci Eng, A 10(753):146–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.03.03710.1016/j.msea.2019.03.037 ↗
16. Lee T, Lee J, Lee D, Jo I, Lee SK, Ryu HJ (2020) Effects of particle size and surface modification of SiC on the wear behavior of high volume fraction Al/SiCp composites. J Alloy Compd 5(831):154647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.15464710.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154647 ↗
17. Ressel G, Pörnbacher J, Leitner H, Marsoner S (2023) Interface modification as a function of TiC particle size in a solid-state consolidated TiC–steel metal–matrix composite. Steel Res Int 94(4):2200454. https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.20220045410.1002/srin.202200454 ↗
18. Teng X, Chen W, Huo D, Shyha I, Lin C (2018) Comparison of cutting mechanism when machining micro and nano-particles reinforced SiC/Al metal matrix composites. Compos Struct 1(203):636–647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.07.07610.1016/j.compstruct.2018.07.076 ↗
19. Jyothi MS, Nayak V, Reddy KR, Naveen S, Raghu AV (2019) Non-metal (oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen, boron and phosphorus)-doped metal oxide hybrid nanostructures as highly efficient photocatalysts for water treatment and hydrogen generation. In: Inamuddin Sharma G, Kumar A, Lichtfouse E, Asiri A (eds) Nanophotocatalysis and environmental applications. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, vol 29. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10609-6_310.1007/978-3-030-10609-6_3 ↗
20. Samal P, Vundavilli PR, Meher A, Mahapatra MM (2020) Recent progress in aluminum metal matrix composites: a review on processing, mechanical and wear properties. J Manuf Process 1(59):131–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.09.01010.1016/j.jmapro.2020.09.010 ↗
21. Kumar S et al (2021) Metal nitrides and graphitic carbon nitrides as novel photocatalysts for hydrogen production and environmental remediation. In: Balakumar S, Keller V, Shankar M (eds) Nanostructured Materials for Environmental Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72076-6_1910.1007/978-3-030-72076-6_19 ↗
22. Madhu V, Bhat TB (2011) Armour protection and affordable protection for futuristic combat vehicles. Def Sci J 61(4). https://doi.org/10.14429/dsj.61.36510.14429/dsj.61.365 ↗
23. Zhang Z, Pan Y, Guo H, Zeng X, Shi Q, Lu T (2022) Fabrication and supercritical water corrosion resistance of TiN/TiNC/Al2O3 multilayer coating on Inconel 625 Alloy by CVD Method. Materials 15:7670. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma1521767010.3390/ma15217670 ↗
24. Li T, Xu L, Wang L, Yang L, Qian Y (2009) Synthesis and characterization of 3C and 2H-SiC nanocrystals starting from SiO2, C2H5OH and metallic Mg. J Alloy Compd 484(1–2):341–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.04.09610.1016/j.jallcom.2009.04.096 ↗
25. He Q, Fei J, Tang C et al (2016) Mechanical behavior of silicon carbide nanoparticles under uniaxial compression. J Nanopart Res 18:68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-016-3358-510.1007/s11051-016-3358-5 ↗
26. Herlin-Boime N, Vicens J, Dufour C et al (2004) Flame temperature effect on the structure of SiC nanoparticles grown by laser pyrolysis. J Nanopart Res 6:63–70. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:NANO.0000023225.81812.1010.1023/B:NANO.0000023225.81812.10 ↗
27. Engström A, Mouzon J, Córdoba JM, Tegman R, Antti ML (2012) Synthesis of a TiCN–SiC polyhedron and elongated crystals nanopowder at low nitrogen concentration. Mater Lett 15(81):148–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2012.04.07110.1016/j.matlet.2012.04.071 ↗
28. Tang J, Ji W, Xie J, Shi Y, Zhu Y, He Q, Wang W (2020) Fine and high-performance B6. 5C-TiB2-SiC-BN composite fabricated by reactive hot pressing via TiCN–B–Si mixture. Ceram Int 46(8):11013–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.01.11710.1016/j.ceramint.2020.01.117 ↗
29. Sundeep D, Varadaraj EK, Ephraim SD, Sastry CC, Krishna AG (2022) Mechanical, morphological and thermal analysis of unidirectional fabricated sisal/flax hybrid natural fiber composites. Surf Topogr Metrol Prop 10(1):015028. https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672X/ac578010.1088/2051-672X/ac5780 ↗
30. Umadevi K, Sundeep D, Varadharaj EK, Sastry CC, Jhansi R, Rajarikam N (2023) Effect of functionalization of 2D graphene nanosheets on the oxidation stress the cellular response of BEAS-2B cells. BioNanoScience. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-023-01155-510.1007/s12668-023-01155-5 ↗
31. Jhansi R, Reddy AV, Prasad KS, Kiran YS, Sundeep D (2019) A comparative assessment of flexural bond strength of Ni–Cr metal–ceramic alloy on repeated castings. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 9:70–76
32. Dola S, Kumar TV, Ephraim SD (2015) Synthesis and spectroscopic analysis of CuMoO4-MoO3 nanocomposite. Adv Eng Appl 5:1–6
33. Sundeep D, Kumar TV, Kumar MK et al (2019) Mechanical milling influence on lattice vibrational behaviour of MoO3-V2O5 Composite Nanopowders. Silicon 11:1517–1524. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-018-9972-310.1007/s12633-018-9972-3 ↗
34. Bao Y, Gao X, Wu Y, Sun M, Li G (2021) Research progress of armor protection materials. J Phys: Conf Ser 1855(1):012035. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1855/1/01203510.1088/1742-6596/1855/1/012035 ↗
35. Placzankis BE (2009) General corrosion resistance comparisons of medium-and high-strength aluminum alloys for DOD systems using laboratory-based accelerated corrosion methods. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. pp 21005–506610.21236/ADA516812 ↗
36. Bhaskara S, Fakrudeen SP, Raju VB, Murthy HA, Raghu AV (2021) Comparative studies of inhibitive effects of diamines on corrosion of aluminium alloy in presence of acid media. Rasayan J Chem pp 72–78. https://doi.org/10.31788/RJC.2021.145656110.31788/RJC.2021.1456561 ↗
37. Prabhu R, Roopashree B, Jeevananda T, Rao S, Reddy KR, Raghu AV (2021) Synthesis and corrosion resistance properties of novel conjugated polymer-Cu2Cl4L3 composites. Mater Sci Energy Technol 1(4):92–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mset.2021.01.00110.1016/j.mset.2021.01.001 ↗
38. Otitoju TA, Okoye PU, Chen G, Li Y, Okoye MO, Li S (2020) Advanced ceramic components: materials, fabrication, and applications. J Ind Eng Chem 25(85):34–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2020.02.00210.1016/j.jiec.2020.02.002 ↗
39. Naik NK, Kumar S, Ratnaveer D, Joshi M, Akella K (2013) An energy-based model for ballistic impact analysis of ceramic-composite armors. Int J Damage Mech 22(2):145–187. https://doi.org/10.1177/105678951143534610.1177/1056789511435346 ↗
40. Marx J, Portanova M, Rabiei A (2019) Ballistic performance of composite metal foam against large caliber threats. Compos Struct 1(225):111032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.11103210.1016/j.compstruct.2019.111032 ↗