journal article·2021-01

Observation of D band splitting in vertically aligned graphene nanowalls and their evolution with laser power during Raman spectroscopy

Rajib Kar, Namita Maiti

Journal of Nanoparticle Research· Volume 23· Issue 1
Publisher page

Abstract

Splitting of D band is observed in vertically aligned graphene nanowalls (VAGNWs) during analysis of Raman spectroscopy for the first time and two distinct peaks were observed, designated as D1 and D2. Evolution of D band with increasing laser power is studied and it is seen that intensity and full width at half maxima (FWHM) of D2 get reduced with increasing laser power. ID/IG values of deposited VAGNWs showed a decreasing trend with increasing laser power indicating that defects have slightly reduced with increasing laser power. It is also observed that D/ peak at high laser power almost merged with G peak like highly defective graphene sheets. Defect analysis showed that all the samples have high degree of stage 2 defect. Interestingly, no splitting was observed in G/ band by increasing laser power and VAGNWs kept their turbostratic nature intact through this peak.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Graphene research and applications · Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research · Ion-surface interactions and analysis

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (20)

Show source-provided references
1. Cançado LG, Jorio A, Ferreira EHM, Stavale F, Achete CA, Capaz RB, Moutinho MVO, Lombardo A, Kulmala TS (2011) A.C. Quantifying defects in graphene via Raman spectroscopy at different excitation energies. Ferrari Nano Lett 11:3190–319610.1021/nl201432g ↗
2. Cronin SB, Swan AK, Unlu MS, Goldberg BB, Dresselhaus MS, Tinkham M (2004) Measuring the uniaxial strain of individual single-wall carbon nanotubes: resonance Raman spectra of atomic-force-microscope modified single-wall nanotubes. Phys Rev Lett 93:167401 (4 pp)10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.167401 ↗
3. Eckmann A, Felten A, Mishchenko AL, Britnell RK, Novoselov KS, Casiraghi C (2012) Probing the nature of defects in graphene by Raman spectroscopy. Nano Lett 12:3925–393010.1021/nl300901a ↗
4. Field LD, Sternhell S, Kalman JR (2008) Organic structures from spectra, fourth Edition. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Chichester
5. Ghosh S, Ganesan K, Polaki SR, Ravindran TR, Krishna NG, Kamruddin M, Tyagi AK (2014) Evolution and defect analysis of vertical graphene nanosheets. J Raman Spectrosc 45:642–64910.1002/jrs.4530 ↗
6. Ghosh S, Polaki SR, Kamruddin M, Jeong SM, Ostrikov K (2018) Plasma-electric field controlled growth of oriented graphene for energy storage applications. J Phys D Appl Phys 51:145303 (9pp)10.1088/1361-6463/aab130 ↗
7. Gupta AK, Russin TJ, Gutierrez HR, Eklund PC (2009) Probing graphene edges via Raman scattering. ACS Nano 3:45–5210.1021/nn8003636 ↗
8. Kagi W, Tsuchida I, Wakatsuki M, Takahashi K, Kamimura N, Iuchi K, Wada H (1994) Proper understanding of down-shifted Raman spectra of natural graphite: direct estimation of baser-induced rise in sample temperature. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 58:3527–353010.1016/0016-7037(94)90104-X ↗
9. Kar R, Barve SA, Singh SB, Barve DN, Chand N, Patil DS (2010) Diagnostics of microwave ECR generated plasma: effect of contaminated reference electrode. Vacuum 85:151–15510.1016/j.vacuum.2010.05.003 ↗
10. Kar R, Patel NN, Chopade SS, Mukherjee S, Das AK, Patil DS (2014) Bias-independent growth of carbon nanowalls by microwave electron-cyclotron resonance plasma CVD. JExp Nanosci 9:575–58110.1080/17458080.2012.678890 ↗
11. Kar R, Patel NN, Chand N, Shilpa RK, Dusane RO, Patil DS, Sinha S (2016) Detailed investigation on the mechanism of co-deposition of different carbon nanostructures by microwave plasma CVD. Carbon 106:233–24210.1016/j.carbon.2016.05.027 ↗
12. Kar R, Tripathy SP, Keskar N, Sinha S (2019) Effect of processing gas compositions on growth of carbon nanowalls by ECR-CVD process. Mater Res Express 6:065029 6 pp10.1088/2053-1591/ab0c56 ↗
13. Luo Z, Cong C, Zhang J, Xiong Q, Yu T (2012) The origin of sub-bands in the Raman D-band of graphene. Carbon 50:4252–425810.1016/j.carbon.2012.05.008 ↗
14. Malard LM, Pimenta MA, Dresselhaus G, Dresselhaus MS (2009) Raman spectroscopy in graphene. Phys Rep 473:51–8710.1016/j.physrep.2009.02.003 ↗
15. Mohr M, Maultzsch J, Thomsen C (2010) Splitting of the Raman 2D band of graphene subjected to strain. Phys Rev B 82:20140910.1103/PhysRevB.82.201409 ↗
16. Russo P, Xiao M, Zhou NY (2017) Carbon nanowalls: a new material for resistive switching memory Devices. Carbon 120:54–6210.1016/j.carbon.2017.05.004 ↗
17. Singh SB, Chand N, Patil DS (2009) Langmuir probe diagnostics of microwave electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma. Vacuum 83:372–37710.1016/j.vacuum.2008.05.030 ↗
18. Tanaike O, Kitada N, Yoshimura H, Hatori H, Kojima K, Tachibana M (2009) Lithium insertion behavior of carbon nanowalls by DC plasma CVD and its heat-treatment effect. Solid State Ionics 180:381–38510.1016/j.ssi.2009.01.012 ↗
19. Tsurumi J, Saito Y, Verma P (2013) Evaluation of the interlayer interactions of few layers of graphene. Chem Phys Lett 557:114–11710.1016/j.cplett.2012.12.015 ↗
20. Wu J, Zhang X, Ijäs M, Han W, Qiao X, Li X, Jiang D, Ferrari AC, Tan P (2014) Resonant Raman spectroscopy of twisted multilayer graphene. Nat Commun 5:1–8