Electrical and optical properties of gold nanoparticles: applications in gold nanoparticles-cholesterol oxidase integrated systems for cholesterol sensing
Source abstract
Abstract
We describe here the application of electrical and optical properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in conjunction with cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) for cholesterol estimation. The electrocatalytic property of AuNPs was studied with spectrophotometric technique using a redox dye 2,6-dichloroindophenol (DCPIP), where AuNPs found to increase the electron transfer rate between ChOx and DCPIP by ~1.68-fold. This study demonstrated AuNPs as efficient electron transfer mediator for ChOx based electrochemical cholesterol biosensors. Optocatalytic property of AuNPs was used in the AuNPs seed mediated enlargement system to develop an optical detection path for cholesterol. This optical method exhibited a linear detection range of 0.01–0.1 mM and a detection limit of 10 μM cholesterol. The effect of AuNPs size (13–21 nm) on the catalytic properties of AuNPs was also studied. Spectrophotometric analysis of the electron transfer process between ChOx and DCPIP with different sized AuNPs showed highest electron transfer efficiency with smaller (13 nm) AuNPs. The electrochemical bioelectrode fabricated with AuNPs and ChOx gave consensus results. Contrastingly, AuNPs size did not affect its optocatalytic activity and eventually the performance of the optical method based on the growth of AuNPs. The findings of the present study offer useful insight and perspectives for fabricating highly sensitive analytical systems based on AuNPs–ChOx complexes.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques · Electrochemical Analysis and Applications · Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (43)
Show source-provided references
1. Ambrosi A, Castaneda MT, Killard AJ, Smyth MR, Alegret S, Merkoci A (2007) Double-codified gold nanolabels for enhanced immunoanalysis. Anal Chem 79:5232–5240. doi: 10.1007/s10518-012-9344-010.1007/s10518-012-9344-0 ↗
2. Aslan K, Lakowicz JR, Geddes CD (2004) Tunable plasmonic glucose sensing based on the dissociation of Con A-aggregated dextran-coated gold colloids. Anal Chim Acta 517:139–14410.1016/j.aca.2004.04.060 ↗
3. Baron R, Zayats M, Willner I (2005) Dopamine-, L-DOPA-, adrenaline-, and noradrenaline-induced growth of Au nanoparticles: assays for the detection of neurotransmitters and of tyrosinase activity. Anal Chem 77:1566–157110.1021/ac048691v ↗
4. Brewer SH, Glomm WR, Johnson MC, Knag MK, Franzen S (2005) Probing BSA binding to citrate-coated gold nanoparticles and surfaces. Langmuir 21:9303–930710.1021/la050588t ↗
5. Chen Y, Flowers K, Calizo M, Bishnoi SW (2010) The role of protein binding in the poisoning of gold nanoparticle catalysts. Colloids Surf B 76:241–24710.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.10.043 ↗
6. Cuenya BR, Baeck SH, Jaramillo TF, McFarland EW (2003) Size- and support-dependent electronic and catalytic properties of Au0/Au3+ nanoparticles synthesized from block copolymer micelles. J Am Chem Soc 125:12928–1293410.1021/ja036468u ↗
7. Eckenrode HM, Jen SH, Han J, Yeh AG, Dai HL (2005) Adsorption of a cationic dye molecule on polystyrene microspheres in colloids: effect of surface charge and composition probed by second harmonic generation. J Phys Chem B 109:4646–465310.1021/jp045610q ↗
8. Feng JJ, Zhao G, Xu JJ, Chen HY (2005) Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of heme proteins immobilized on gold nanoparticles stabilized by chitosan. Anal Biochem 342:280–28610.1016/j.ab.2005.04.040 ↗
9. Frens G (1973) Controlled nucleation for the regulation of the particle size in monodisperse gold suspensions. Nat Phys Sci 241:20–2210.1038/physci241020a0 ↗
10. Ghosh SK, Pal A, Kundu S, Nath S, Pal T (2004) Fluorescence quenching of 1-methylaminopyrene near gold nanoparticles: size regime dependence of the small metallic particles. Chem Phys Lett 395:366–37210.1016/j.cplett.2004.08.016 ↗
11. Gopalan AI, Lee KP, Ragupathy D (2009) Development of a stable cholesterol biosensor based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes–gold nanoparticles composite covered with a layer of chitosan-room-temperature ionic liquid network. Biosens Bioelectron 24:2211–221710.1016/j.bios.2008.11.034 ↗
12. Guo S, Dong S (2009) Biomolecule-nanoparticle hybrids for electrochemical biosensors. Trends Anal Chem 28:96–10910.1016/j.trac.2008.10.014 ↗
13. He L, Musick MD, Nicewarner SR, Salinas FG, Benkovic SJ, Natan MJ, Keating CD (2000) Colloidal Au-enhanced surface plasmon resonance for ultrasensitive detection of DNA hybridization. J Am Chem Soc 122:9071–907710.1021/ja001215b ↗
14. Horovitz O, Tomoaia G, Mocanu A, Yupsanis T, Tomoaia-Cotise M (2007) Protein binding to gold colloids. Gold Bull 40:213–21810.1007/BF03215583 ↗
15. Jain PK, Lee KS, El-Sayed IH, El-Sayed MA (2006) Calculated absorption and scattering properties of gold nanoparticles of different size, shape, and composition: applications in biological imaging and biomedicine. J Phys Chem B 110:7238–724810.1021/jp057170o ↗
16. Katz E, Willner I (2004) Integrated nanoparticle-biomolecule hybrid systems: synthesis, properties, and applications. Angew Chem Int Ed 43:6042–610810.1002/anie.200400651 ↗
17. Katz E, Willner I, Wang J (2004) Electroanalytical and bioelectroanalytical systems based on metal and semiconductor nanoparticles. Electroanalysis 16:19–4410.1002/elan.200302930 ↗
18. Laskey JG, Patterson P, Bilyeu K, Morris RO (2003) Rate enhancement of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase using 2,6-dichloroindophenol as an electron acceptor. Plant Growth Regul 40:189–19610.1023/A:1025027110742 ↗
19. Li D, He Q, Cui Y, Duan L, Li J (2007) Immobilization of glucose oxidase onto gold nanoparticles with enhanced thermostability. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 355:488–49310.1016/j.bbrc.2007.01.183 ↗
20. Li Y, Schluesener HJ, Xu S (2010) Gold nanoparticle-based biosensors. Gold Bull 43:29–4110.1007/BF03214964 ↗
21. Link S, El-Sayed MA (1999) Spectral properties and relaxation dynamics of surface plasmon electronic oscillations in gold and silver nanodots and nanorods. J Phys Chem B 103:8410–842610.1021/jp9917648 ↗
22. Liu X, Atwater M, Wang J, Huo Q (2007) Extinction coefficient of gold nanoparticles with different sizes and different capping ligands. Colloids Surf B 58:3–710.1016/j.colsurfb.2006.08.005 ↗
23. MacLachlan J, Wotherspoon ATL, Ansell RO, Brooks CJW (2000) Cholesterol oxidase: sources, physical properties and analytical applications. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 72:169–19510.1016/S0960-0760(00)00044-3 ↗
24. Nath N, Chilkoti A (2002) A colorimetric gold nanoparticle sensor to interrogate biomolecular interactions in real time on a surface. Anal Chem 74:504–50910.1021/ac015657x ↗
25. Niemeyer CM (2003) Functional hybrid devices of proteins and inorganic nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed 42:5796–580010.1002/anie.200301703 ↗
26. Ozsoz M, Erdem A, Ozkan D, Kara P, Karadeniz H, Meric B, Kerman K, Girousi S (2005) Allele-specific genotyping by using guanine and gold electrochemical oxidation signals. Bioelectrochemistry 67:199–20310.1016/j.bioelechem.2004.06.009 ↗
27. Pingarron JM, Yanez-Sedeno P, Gonzalez-Cortes A (2008) Gold nanoparticle-based electrochemical biosensors. Electrochim Acta 53:5848–586610.1016/j.electacta.2008.03.005 ↗
28. Sampson NS (2001) Dissection of a flavoenzyme active site: the reaction catalyzed by cholesterol oxidase. Antioxid Redox Sign 3:839–84610.1089/15230860152665019 ↗
29. Sau TK, Pal A, Pal T (2001) Size regime dependent catalysis by gold nanoparticles for the reduction of eosin. J Phys Chem B 105:9266–927210.1021/jp011420t ↗
30. Saxena U, Chakraborty M, Goswami P (2011) Covalent immobilization of cholesterol oxidase on self-assembled gold nanoparticles for highly sensitive amperometric detection of cholesterol in real samples. Biosens Bioelectron 26:3037–304310.1016/j.bios.2010.12.009 ↗
31. Shang L, Chen H, Deng L, Dong S (2008) Enhanced resonance light scattering based on biocatalytic growth of gold nanoparticles for biosensors design. Biosens Bioelectron 23:1180–118410.1016/j.bios.2007.10.024 ↗
32. Thanh NTK, Rosenzweig Z (2002) Development of an aggregation-based immunoassay for anti-protein A using gold nanoparticles. Anal Chem 74:1624–162810.1021/ac011127p ↗
33. Tsunoyama H, Sakurai H, Negishi Y, Tsukuda T (2005) Size-specific catalytic activity of polymer-stabilized gold nanoclusters for aerobic alcohol oxidation in water. J Am Chem Soc 127:9374–937510.1021/ja052161e ↗
34. Turkevich J, Stevenson PC, Hillier J (1953) The formation of colloidal gold. J Phys Chem 57:670–67310.1021/j150508a015 ↗
35. Willner I, Baron R, Willner B (2006) Growing metal nanoparticles by enzymes. Adv Mater 18:1109–112010.1002/adma.200501865 ↗
36. Willner I, Baron R, Willner B (2007) Integrated nanoparticle–biomolecule systems for biosensing and bioelectronics. Biosens Bioelectron 22:1841–185210.1016/j.bios.2006.09.018 ↗
37. Xiao Y, Ju HX, Chen HY (1999) Hydrogen peroxide sensor based on horseradish peroxidase-labeled Au colloids immobilized on gold electrode surface by cysteamine monolayer. Anal Chim Acta 391:73–8210.1016/S0003-2670(99)00196-8 ↗
38. Yi X, Huang-Xian J, Hong-Yuan C (2000) Direct electrochemistry of horseradish peroxidase immobilized on a colloid/cysteamine-modified gold electrode. Anal Biochem 278:22–2810.1006/abio.1999.4360 ↗
39. Zayats M, Baron R, Popov I, Willner I (2005) Biocatalytic growth of Au nanoparticles: from mechanistic aspects to biosensors design. Nano Lett 5:21–2510.1021/nl048547p ↗
40. Zhang L, Jiang X, Wang E, Dong S (2005a) Attachment of gold nanoparticles to glassy carbon electrode and its application for the direct electrochemistry and electrocatalytic behavior of hemoglobin. Biosens Bioelectron 21:337–34510.1016/j.bios.2004.10.021 ↗
41. Zhang S, Wang N, Yu H, Niu Y, Sun C (2005b) Covalent attachment of glucose oxidase to an Au electrode modified with gold nanoparticles for use as glucose biosensor. Bioelectrochemistry 67:15–2210.1016/j.bioelechem.2004.12.002 ↗
42. Zhang H, Lu H, Hu N (2006) Fabrication of electroactive layer-by-layer films of myoglobin with gold nanoparticles of different sizes. J Phys Chem B 110:2171–217910.1021/jp055301f ↗
43. Zhao S, Zhang K, Bai Y, Yang W, Sun C (2006) Glucose oxidase/colloidal gold nanoparticles immobilized in nafion film on glassy carbon electrode: direct electron transfer and electrocatalysis. Bioelectrochemistry 69:158–16310.1016/j.bioelechem.2006.01.001 ↗