Rhetorical gamesmanship in the nano debates over sunscreens and nanoparticles
Source abstract
Abstract
Communication of risk profiles associated with sunscreens incorporating nanoparticles has been challenging when some communicators shift risk profiles from highly problematic nanoparticles to others, which are much less problematic. This article vets a popular publication from a civic advocacy group that cited scientific research papers to make environmental health and safety claims. The phenomenon of risk profile shifts is demonstrated by re-examining the scientific articles being cited. In addition, the authors for correspondence for each of the articles cited were interviewed via email and their comments about the claims made are included.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Chemical Safety and Risk Management · Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (63)
Show source-provided references
1. (Australian Review) OTC Medicines Section, Therapeutic Goods Administration, Department of Health and Ageing (2006) A review of the scientific literature on the safety of nanoparticulate titanium dioxide or zinc oxide in sunscreens January 16 Available on http://www.tga.health.gov.au/npmeds/sunscreen-zotd.pdf. Cited 22 Oct 2007
2. Autier P, Dore PF, Cattaruzza MS et al, for the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer Melanoma Cooperative Group (1998) Sunscreen use, wearing clothes, and number of nevi in 6-to-7 year old European children. J Natl Cancer Inst 90:1873–1880
3. Blundell G, Henderson WJ, Price EW (1989) Soil particles in the tissues of the foot in endemic elephantiasis of the lower legs. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 83(4):381–38510.1080/00034983.1989.11812361 ↗
4. Borm PJA, Kreyling W (2004) Toxicological hazards of inhaled nanoparticles. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 4:521–531. doi:10.1166/jnn.2004.08110.1166/jnn.2004.081 ↗
5. Bütz T et al (2005) No evidence for nanoparticle penetration into living skin Present at ECETOC (European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals) Barcelona
6. Cedarbloom J., Paulsen D (1986) Critical reasoning: understanding and criticizing arguments and theories, 2nd edn. Wadsworth, Belmont CA
7. Consumer Reports (2007) Sunscreens: some are short on protection. Consumer Reports 72:7 July 6 Available via LexisNexis Academic
8. Corachan M, Tura JM, Campo E, Soley M et al (1988) Podoconiosis in Aequatorial Guinea: report of two cases from different geological environments. Trop Geogr Med 40:359–364
9. Delrieu P (2006) Perspectives on supplying attenuation grades of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide for sunscreen applications. Paper presented at the FDA Public Meeting on Nanotechnology, Bethesda, MD 10 October
10. Donaldson, K (2007) E-mail communication Oct 9
11. Donaldson K, Beswick PH, Gilmour PS (1996) Free radical activity associated with the surface of particles: a unifying factor in determining biological activity? Toxicol Lett 88:293–29810.1016/0378-4274(96)03752-6 ↗
12. Dunford R, Salinaro A, Caib L et al (1997) Chemical oxidation and DNA damage catalysed by inorganic sunscreen ingredients. FEBS Lett 418:87–9010.1016/S0014-5793(97)01356-2 ↗
13. Dupre A, Touron P, Daste J et al (1985) Titanium pigmentation: an electron probe microanalysis study. Arch Dermatol 121:656–65810.1001/archderm.121.5.656 ↗
14. Dussert AS, Gooris E, Hemmerle J (1997) Characterization of the mineral content of a physical sunscreen emulsion and its distribution onto human stratum corneum. Int J Cosmetic Sci 19:119–12910.1111/j.1467-2494.1997.tb00175.x ↗
15. Eedy DJ (1996) Carbon-fibre-induced airborne irritant contact dermatitis. Contact Derm 35:362–36310.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02418.x ↗
16. Friends of the Earth (2007) Nanotechnology & sunscreens: a consumer guide for avoiding nano-sunscreens. Available http://www.foe.org/nano_sunscreens_guide/Nano_Sunscreens.pdf. Cited 29 Sept 2007
17. Gallagher R (2005) Sunscreens in melanoma and skin cancer prevention. Can Med Assoc J 17(3):244–24510.1503/cmaj.050762 ↗
18. Gallagher R, Rivers J, Lee T et al (2000a) Broad-spectrum sunscreen use and the development of new nevi in white children: A randomized control trial. JAMA 283:2955–296010.1001/jama.283.22.2955 ↗
19. Gallagher R, Badjik CD, Lee TK et al (2000b) Efficacy of sunscreen in preventing nevi: In reply. JAMA 284(22):287010.1001/jama.284.22.2870 ↗
20. Gamer AO, Leibold E, van Ravenswaay B (2006) The in vitro absorption of microfine zinc oxide and titanium oxide through porcine skin. Toxicol in vitro 20:301–30710.1016/j.tiv.2005.08.008 ↗
21. Geiser M, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Kapp N et al (2005) Ultrafine particles cross cellular membranes by nonphagocytic mechanisms in lungs and in cultured cells. Environ Health Persp 113:1555–156010.1289/ehp.8006 ↗
22. Gottbrath G, Müller-Goymann CC (2003) Penetration and visualization of titanium dioxide microparticles in human stratum corneum: Effect of different formulations on the penetration of titanium dioxide. SÖFW J 129:11–17
23. GSFA Online (2007) CODEX Alimentarius: food additive details. Available http://www.codexalimentarius.net/gsfaonline/additives/details.html?id = 184 Cited 6 Oct 2007
24. IARC (2001) Handbooks of Cancer Prevention Sunscreens. Lyon, International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health Organization
25. IARC (2006) Titanium dioxide (IARC Group 2B) Summary of data reported. March 10
26. Kaplan S (1997) The words of risk analysis. Risk Analysis 17:4:407–41710.1111/j.1539-6924.1997.tb00881.x ↗
27. Kayser O, Kiderlen AF (2003) Delivery strategies for antiparasitics. Expert Opin Inv Drug 12(2):197–20710.1517/13543784.12.2.197 ↗
28. Lademann J, Weigmann HJ, Rickmeyer C et al (1999) Penetration of titanium oxide microparticles in a sunscreen formulation into the horny layer and the follicular orifice. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 12:247–25610.1159/000066249 ↗
29. Lee T, Rivers J, Gallagher R (2005) Site-specific protective effect of broad-spectrum sunscreen on nevus development among white schoolchildren in a randomized trial. J Amer Acad Dermatol 52:786–79210.1016/j.jaad.2004.12.009 ↗
30. Lekki J, Stachura Z, Dabros W et al (2007) On the follicular pathway of percutaenous uptake of nanoparticles: Ion microscopy and autoradiography studies. Nucl Instrum Meth B 260:174–17710.1016/j.nimb.2007.02.021 ↗
31. Li N, Sioutas C, Cho A et al (2003) Ultrafine particulate pollutants induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Environ Health Persp 111(4):455–46010.1289/ehp.6000 ↗
32. Li J, Li Q, Xu J et al (2007) Comparative on the acute pulmonary toxicity of induced by 3 and 20 nmTiO2 primary particles in mice. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 24:239–244. doi:10.1016/j.etap.2007.06.00410.1016/j.etap.2007.06.004 ↗
33. Lomer MCE, Hutchinson C, Volkert S et al (2004) Dietary sources of inorganic microparticles and their intake in healthy subjects and patients with Crohn’s disease. Br J Nutr 92:947–955. doi:10.1079/BJN2004127610.1079/BJN20041276 ↗
34. Luther H, Altmeyer P, Garbe C et al (1996) Increase of melanocytic nevus counts in children during 5 years of follow-up and analysis of associated factors. Arch Dermatol 132:1473–147810.1001/archderm.132.12.1473 ↗
35. Mahroos M, Yaar M, Phillips T et al (2002) Effect of sunscreen application of UV-induced thymine dimers. Arch Dermatol 138(11):1480–148510.1001/archderm.138.11.1480 ↗
36. Mavon A, Miquel C, Lejeune O et al (2007) In vitro percutaneous absorption and in vivo stratum corneum distribution of an organic and a mineral sunscreen. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 20(1):10–20. doi:10.1159/00009616710.1159/000096167 ↗
37. Maynard A (2007) E-mail correspondence Sept 23
38. Maysinger D (2007) E-mail correspondence Sept 24
39. Monteiro-Riviere NA, Nemanich RJ, Inman AO et al (2005) Multi-walled carbon nanotube interactions with human epidermal keratinocytes. Toxicol Lett 155:377–38410.1016/j.toxlet.2004.11.004 ↗
40. Moran CA, Mullick FG, Ishak KG et al (1991) Identification of titanium in human tissues: probable role in pathologic processes. Hum Pathol 22(5):450–45410.1016/0046-8177(91)90130-H ↗
41. Nel A (2007) E-mail correspondence Sept 23
42. Nel A, Xia T, Madler L, Li N (2006) Toxic potential of materials at the nanolevel. Science 311:622–627. doi:10.1126/science.111439710.1126/science.1114397 ↗
43. Nohynek G, Lademann J, Ribaud C et al (2007) Grey goo on the skin? Nanotechnology, cosmetic and sunscreen safety. Crit Rev Toxicol 37:1–2710.1080/10408440601177780 ↗
44. Nohynek G, Schaefer H (2001) Benefit and risk of organic ultraviolet filters. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 33:285–29110.1006/rtph.2001.1476 ↗
45. Oberdörster G (1988) Lung clearance of inhaled insoluble and soluble particles. J Aerosol Med 1:289–33010.1089/jam.1988.1.289 ↗
46. Oberdörster G, Maynard A, Donaldson K et al (2005a) Principles for characterizing the potential human health effects from exposure to nanomaterials: elements of a screening strategy. Part Fibre Toxicol 2(8):1–35
47. Oberdörster G, Oberdörster E, Oberdörster J (2005b) Nanotoxicology: An emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine particles. Environ Health Persp 113(7):823–83910.1289/ehp.7339 ↗
48. Pagoda JM, Preston-Martin S (1996) Solar radiation, lip protection, and lip cancer risk in Los Angeles County women (California, United States). Cancer Cause Control 7:458–46310.1007/BF00052672 ↗
49. Pflücker F, Hohenburg H, Hölzle E et al (1999) The outermost stratum corneum layer is an effective barrier against dermal uptake of topically applied micronized titanium oxide International. J Cosmet Sci 21:399–41110.1023/A:1005450606035 ↗
50. Pinheiro T, Pallon J, Alves LC et al (2007) The influence of corneocyte structure on the interpretation of permeation profiles of nanoparticles across skin. Nucl Instrum Methods B 260:119–12310.1016/j.nimb.2007.02.014 ↗
51. Roberts M (2006) Nanoparticles in topical products—A consumer health risk? Paper presented at the FDA Public Meeting on Nanotechnology, Bethesda, MD 10 October
52. Rooney JF, Bryson Y, Mannix ML, Dillon M, Wohlenberg CR, Banks S, Wallington CJ, Notkins AL, Straus SE (1991) Prevention of ultraviolet-light-induced herpes labialis by sunscreen. Lancet 338:1419–142210.1016/0140-6736(91)92723-F ↗
53. Savic R, Luo L, Eisenberg A, Maysinger D (2003) Micellar nanocontainers distribute to defined cytoplasmic organelles. Science 300:615–618. doi:10.1126/science.107819210.1126/science.1078192 ↗
54. Shvedova A, Castranova V, Kisin E, et al (2003) Exposure to carbon nanotube material: Assessment of nanotube cytotoxicity using human keratinocyte cells. J Toxicol Environ Health A 66(20):1909–1926. doi:10.1080/71385395610.1080/713853956 ↗
55. Tan MH, Commens CA, Burnett L, Snitch PJ (1996) A pilot study on the percutaneous absorption of microfine titanium dioxide from sunscreens. Australas J Dermatol 37:185–18710.1111/j.1440-0960.1996.tb01050.x ↗
56. Theogaraj E, Riley S, Hughes L et al (2007) An investigation of the photo-clastogenic potential of ultrafine titanium dioxide particles, Mutat Res-Gen Tox En. doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.08.00210.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.08.002 ↗
57. Tinkle SS (2007) E-mail correspondence Sept 23
58. Tinkle SS, Antonini JM, Rich BA et al (2003) Skin as a route of exposure and sensitization in chronic beryllium disease. Environ Health Perspect 111(9):1202–120810.1289/ehp.5999 ↗
59. Umbreit T, Weaver JL, Zhang J et al (2007) Toxicology of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles: 1 characterization and tissue distribution in subcutaneously and intravenously injected mice. Abstract no. 1386 Itinerary planner. Society of toxicology, Charlotte, NC
60. Vedung E (1982) Political reasoning sage. Beverly Hills CA
61. Warheit DB, Hoke RA, Finlay C et al (2007) Development of a base set of toxicity tests using ultrafine TiO2 particles as a component of nanoparticle risk management. Toxicol Lett 171:91–10110.1016/j.toxlet.2007.04.008 ↗
62. WIPO (2002) (WO/2002/051945) Nanoparticulate surface-modified titanium dioxide and the use thereof in dental care agents. Available http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?wo=2002051945. Cited 6 Oct 2007
63. Young A, Sheehan J, Chadwick C et al (2000) Protection by ultraviolet A and B sunscreens against in situ dipyrimidine photolesions in human epidermis is comparable to protection against sunburn. J Invest Dermatol 115:37–4110.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00012.x ↗