journal article·2017-01

Unusual attempt to direct the growth of bimetallic Ag@Pt nanorods on electrochemically reduced graphene oxide nanosheets by electroless exchange of Cu by Pt for an efficient alcohol oxidation

S. E. Jeena, P. Gnanaprakasam, T. Selvaraju

Journal of Nanoparticle Research· Volume 19· Issue 1
Publisher page

Abstract

A simple and an efficient tool for the direct growth of bimetallic Ag@Pt nanorods (NRDs) on electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) nanosheets was developed at glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Initially, Cu shell was grown on Ag core as Ag@Cu NRD by the seed-mediated growth method. Accordingly, Cu shell has been successfully replaced by Pt using the electroless galvanic replacement method with ease by effective functionalization of L-tryptophan on ERGO surface (L-ERGO), which eventually plays an important role in the direct growth of one-dimensional bimetallic NRDs. As a result, the synthesized Ag@Pt NRD-supported L-ERGO nanosheets (Ag@Pt NRDs/L-ERGO/GCE) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and Raman spectroscopy. Anodic stripping voltammetry was used to explore its electrochemical properties. Finally, the developed bimetallic Ag@Pt NRDs/L-ERGO/GCEs were studied as a better electrocatalyst compared to the commercial catalysts such as Pt40/C or Pt20/C-loaded electrode for the oxidation of ethanol or methanol with a high tolerance level and an enhanced current density. In addition, the long-term stability was studied using chronoamperometry for 1000 s at the bimetallic NRD electrode for alcohol oxidation which impedes the fouling properties. The unfavourable and favourable electrooxidation of ethanol at Ag@Cu NRDs/L-ERGO/GCE (a) and Ag@Pt NRDs/L-ERGO/GCE (b) is discussed. The synergistic effect of Ag core and catalytic properties of Pt shell at Ag@Pt NRDs/L-ERGO/GCE tend to strongly minimize the CO poisoning effect and enhanced ethanol electrooxidation.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion · Electrochemical sensors and biosensors · Electrochemical Analysis and Applications

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (43)

Show source-provided references
1. Chen A, Hindle PH (2010) Platinum-based nanostructured materials: synthesis, properties, and applications. Chem Rev 110:3767–380410.1021/cr9003902 ↗
2. Chen J, Wiley B, Lellan JM, Xiong Y, Li ZY, Xia Y (2005) Optical properties of Pd-Ag and Pt-Ag nanoboxes synthesized via galvanic reactions. Nano Lett 5:2058–206210.1021/nl051652u ↗
3. Chen L, Zhao W, Jiao Y, He X, Wang J, Zhang Y (2007) Characterization of Ag/Pt core-shell nanoparticles by UV–vis absorption, resonance light-scattering techniques, Spectrochim. Acta A 68:484–49010.1016/j.saa.2006.12.014 ↗
4. Cheng D, Qiu X, Yu H (2014) Enhancing oxygen reduction reaction activity of Pt-shelled catalysts via subsurface alloying. Phys Chem Chem Phys 16:20377–2038110.1039/C4CP02863E ↗
5. Costamagna P, Srinivasan S (2001) Quantum jumps in the PEMFC science and technology from the 1960s to the year 2000: part I. Fundamental scientific aspects. J Power Sources 102:242–25210.1016/S0378-7753(01)00807-2 ↗
6. Cui X, Wu S, Jungwirth S, Chen Z, Wang Z, Wang L, Li Y (2013) The deposition of Au–Pt core–shell nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide and their catalytic activity. Nanotechnology 24:295402 (10pp)10.1088/0957-4484/24/29/295402 ↗
7. Divya P, Ramaprabhu S (2013) Platinum nanoparticles supported on a bi-metal oxide grown carbon nanostructure as an ethanol electrooxidation electrocatalyst. J Mater Chem A 1:13605–1361110.1039/c3ta13070c ↗
8. Du W, Deskins NA, Su D, Teng X (2012) Iridium−ruthenium alloyed nanoparticles for the ethanol oxidation fuel cell reactions. ACS Catal 2:1226–123110.1021/cs3002308 ↗
9. Easow JS, Selvaraju T (2013) Unzipped catalytic activity of copper in realizing bimetallic Ag@Cu nanowires as a better amperometric H2O2 sensor. Electrochim Acta 112:648–65410.1016/j.electacta.2013.09.033 ↗
10. Feng L, Gao G, Huang P, Wang X, Zhang C, Zhang J, Guo S, Cui D (2011) Preparation of Pt Ag alloy nanoisland/graphene hybrid composites and its high stability and catalytic activity in methanol electro-oxidation. Nanoscale Res Lett 6:55110.1186/1556-276X-6-551 ↗
11. Gnanaprakasam P, Selvaraju T (2014) Green synthesis of self assembled silver nanowire decorated reduced graphene oxide for efficient nitroarene reduction. RSC Adv 4:24518–2452510.1039/C4RA01798F ↗
12. Gnanaprakasam P, Jeena SE, Selvaraju T (2015) Hierarchical electroless Pt deposition at Au decorated reduced graphene oxide via galvanic exchanged process: electrocatalytic nanocomposite with enhanced mass activity for methanol and ethanol oxidation. J Mater Chem A 3:18010–1801810.1039/C5TA04293C ↗
13. Gu J, Liu WC, Zhao ZQ, Lan GX, Zhu W, Zhang YW (2014) Pt/Ru/C nanocomposites for methanol electrooxidation: how Ru nanocrystals surface structure affects catalytic performance of deposited Pt particles. Inorg Chem Front 1:109–11710.1039/C3QI00053B ↗
14. He W, Wu X, Liu J, Hu X, Zhang K, Hou S, Zhou W, Xie S (2010a) Design of AgM bimetallic alloy nanostructures (M = Au, Pd, Pt) with tunable morphology and peroxidase-like activity. Chem Mater 22:2988–299410.1021/cm100393v ↗
15. He YB, Li GR, Wang ZL, Ou YN, Tong YX (2010b) Pt nanorods aggregates with enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards methanol oxidation. J Phys Chem C 114:19175–1918110.1021/jp104991k ↗
16. Jeena SE, Gnanaprakasam P, Dakshinamurthy A, Selvaraju T (2015) Tuning the direct growth of Agseeds into bimetallic Ag@Cu nanorods on surface functionalized electrochemically reduced graphene oxide: enhanced nitrite detection. RSC Adv 5:48236–4824510.1039/C5RA05730B ↗
17. Kakaei K, Dorraji M (2014) One-pot synthesis of palladium silver nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide and their application for ethanol oxidation in alkaline media. Electrochim Acta 143:207–21510.1016/j.electacta.2014.07.134 ↗
18. Lee MS, Lee K, Kim SY, Lee H, Park J, Choi KH, Kim HK, Kim DG, Lee DY, Nam SW, Park JU (2013) High-performance, transparent, and stretchable electrodes using graphene−metal nanowire hybrid structures. Nano Lett 13:2814–282110.1021/nl401070p ↗
19. Liu K, Liu L, Luo Y, Jia D (2012) One-step synthesis of metal nanoparticle decorated graphene by liquid phase exfoliation. J Mater Chem 22:20342–2035210.1039/c2jm34617f ↗
20. Liu H, Ye F, Yao Q, Cao H, Xie J, Lee JY, Yang J (2014) Stellated Ag-Pt bimetallic nanoparticles: an effective platform for catalytic activity tuning. Sci Rep 4:396910.1038/srep03969 ↗
21. Luo Z, Yuwen L, Bao B, Tian J, Zhu X, Weng L, Wang L (2012a) One-pot, low-temperature synthesis of branched platinum nanowires/reduced graphene oxide (BPtnw/RGO) hybrids for fuel cells. J Mater Chem 22:7791–779610.1039/c2jm30376k ↗
22. Luo B, Liu S, Zhi L (2012b) Chemical approaches toward graphene-based nanomaterials and their applications in energy-related areas. Small 8:630–64610.1002/smll.201101396 ↗
23. Maiyalagan T, Alaje TO, Scott K (2012) Highly stable Pt-Ru nanoparticles supported on three-dimensional cubic ordered mesoporous carbon (Pt-Ru/CMK-8) as promising electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation. J Phys Chem C 116:2630–263810.1021/jp210266n ↗
24. Meir N, Plante IJL, Flomin K, Chockler E, Moshofsky B, Diab M, Volokh M, Mokari T (2013) Studying the chemical, optical and catalytic properties of noble metal (pt, Pd, Ag, Au)–Cu2O core–shell nanostructures grown via a general approach. J Mater Chem A 1:1763–176910.1039/C2TA00721E ↗
25. Nguyen TGH, Pham TVA, Phuong TX, Lam TXB, Tran VM, Nguyen TPT (2013) Nano-Pt/C electrocatalysts: synthesis and activity for alcohol oxidation. Adv Nat Sci: Nanosci Nanotechnol 4:035008 (8pp)
26. Peng C, Liu M, Hu Y, Yang W, Guo J, Zheng Y (2015) PdxAgy alloy nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide as efficient electrocatalyst for ethanol oxidation in alkaline medium. RSC Adv 5:49899–4990310.1039/C5RA09653G ↗
27. Rashid M, Jun TS, Jung Y, Kim YS (2015) Bimetallic core–shell Ag@Pt nanoparticle-decorated MWNT electrodes for amperometric H2 sensors and direct methanol fuel cells. Sensor Actuat B-Chem 208:7–1310.1016/j.snb.2014.11.005 ↗
28. Safavi A, Kazemi H, Momeni S, Tohidi M, Mehrin PK (2013) Facile electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol using Ag/Pd nano alloys modified carbon ionic liquid electrode. Int J Hydrogen Energ 38:3380–338610.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.12.040 ↗
29. Schmidt TJ, Noeske M, Gasteiger HA, Behm RJ, Britz P, Brijoux W, Bonnemann H (1997) Electrocatalytic activity of PtRu alloy colloids for CO and CO/H2 electrooxidation: stripping voltammetry and rotating disk measurements. Langmuir 13:2591–259710.1021/la962068r ↗
30. Sharma S, Ganguly A, Papakonstantinou P, Miao X, Li M, Hutchison JL, Delichatsios M, Ukleja S (2010) Rapid microwave synthesis of CO tolerant reduced graphene oxide-supported platinum electrocatalysts for oxidation of methanol. J Phys Chem C 114:19459–1946610.1021/jp107872z ↗
31. Shen Y, Zhang Z, Long R, Xiao K, Xi J (2014) Synthesis of ultrafine Pt nanoparticles stabilized by pristine graphene nanosheets for electro-oxidation of methanol. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6:15162–1517010.1021/am503309h ↗
32. Steigerwalt ES, Deluga GA, Lukehart CM (2002) Pt-Ru/carbon fiber nanocomposites: synthesis, characterization, and performance as anode catalysts of direct methanol fuel cells. A search for exceptional performance. J Phys Chem B 106:760–76610.1021/jp012707t ↗
33. Tedsree K, Li T, Jones S, Chan CWA, Yu KMK, Bagot PAJ, Marquis EA, Smith GDW, Tsang SCE (2011) Hydrogen production from formic acid decomposition at room temperature using a Ag–Pd core–shell nanocatalyst. Nat Nanotechnol 6:302–30710.1038/nnano.2011.42 ↗
34. Wang RX, Fan JJ, Fan YJ, Zhong JP, Wang L, Sun SG, Shen XC (2014) Platinum nanoparticles on porphyrin functionalised graphene nanosheets as a superior catalyst for methanol electrooxidation. Nanoscale 6:14999–1500710.1039/C4NR04140B ↗
35. Wojtysiak S, Solla-Gullón J, Dłu˙zewskic P, Kudelski A (2014) Synthesis of core–shell silver–platinum nanoparticles, improving shell integrity. Colloid Surf A 441:178–18310.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.09.008 ↗
36. Xi J, Wang J, Yu L, Qiu X, Chen L (2007) Facile approach to enhance the Pt utilization and CO-tolerance of Pt/C catalysts by physically mixing with transition-metal oxide nanoparticles. Chem Commum 16:1656–165810.1039/b618310g ↗
37. Xie S, Jin M, Tao J, Wang Y, Xie Z, Zhu Y, Xia Y (2012) Synthesis and characterization of Pd@MxCu1-x(M = Au, Pd, and Pt) nanocages with porous walls and a yolk–shell structure through galvanic replacement reactions. Chem Eur J 18:14974–1498010.1002/chem.201202477 ↗
38. Xu C, Liu Y, Wang J, Geng H, Qiu H (2011) Fabrication of nanoporous Cu–Pt(Pd) core/shell structure by galvanic replacement and its application in electrocatalysis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 3:4626–463210.1021/am201057t ↗
39. Zeng J, Yang J, Lee JY, Zhou W (2006) Preparation of carbon-supported core-shell Au-Pt nanoparticles for methanol oxidation reaction: the promotional effect of the Au core. J Phys Chem B 110:24606–2461110.1021/jp0640979 ↗
40. Zeng M, Wang H, Zhao C, Wei J, Wang W, Bai X (2015) 3D graphene foam-supported cobalt phosphate and borate electrocatalysts for high-efficiency water oxidation. Sci Bull 60:1426–143310.1007/s11434-015-0861-5 ↗
41. Zhang W, Yang J, Lu X (2012) Tailoring galvanic replacement reaction for the preparation of Pt/Ag bimetallic hollow nanostructures with controlled number of voids. ACS Nano 6:7397–740510.1021/nn302590k ↗
42. Zhang L, Iyyamperumal R, Yancey DF, Crooks RM, Henkelman G (2013) Design of Pt-Shell nanoparticles with alloy cores for the oxygen reduction reaction. ACS Nano 7:9168–917210.1021/nn403788a ↗
43. Zhu J, Su Y, Cheng F, Chen J (2007) Improving the performance of PtRu/C catalysts for methanol oxidation by sensitization and activation treatment. J Power Sources 166:331–33610.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.01.087 ↗