Exposure assessment of nano-sized and respirable particles at different workplaces
Source abstract
Abstract
In this study, nanoparticle (NP, diameter < 100 nm) and respirable particles measurements were conducted at three different nanopowder workplaces, including the mixing area of a nano-SiO2-epoxy molding compound plant (primary diameter: 15 nm), bagging areas of a nano-carbon black (nano-CB) (primary diameter: 32 nm) and a nano-CaCO3 (primary diameter: 94 nm) manufacturing plant. Chemical analysis of respirable particle mass (RPM) and NPs was performed to quantify the content of manufactured nanoparticles in the collected samples. Nanopowder products obtained from the plants were used in the laboratory dustiness testing using a rotating drum tester to obtain particle mass and number distributions. The obtained laboratory data were then used to elucidate the field data. Both field and laboratory data showed that NP number and mass concentrations of manufactured materials were close to the background level. Number concentration was elevated only for particles with the electrical mobility diameter >100 nm during bagging or feeding processes, unless there were combustion-related incidental sources existed. Large fraction of nanomaterials was found in the RPM due to agglomeration of nanomaterials or attachment of nanomaterials to the larger particles. From this study, it is concluded that RPM concentration measurements are necessary for the exposure assessment of nanoparticles in workplaces.
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Air Quality and Health Impacts · Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications · Recycling and Waste Management Techniques
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (30)
Show source-provided references
1. Aitken RJ, Creely KS, Tran CL (2004) Nanoparticles: an occupational hygiene review. Research report 274, Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM). http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr274.pdf . Accessed 10 December 2010
2. Brouwer DH (2010) Exposure to manufactured nanoparticle in different workplaces. Toxicology 269:120–12710.1016/j.tox.2009.11.017 ↗
3. Brouwer DH, Gijsbers JHJ, Lurvink MWM (2004) Personal exposure to ultrafine particles in the workplaces: exploring sampling techniques and strategies. Ann Occup Hyg 48:439–45310.1093/annhyg/meh040 ↗
4. Brouwer DH, Links IH, de Vreede SA, Christopher Y (2006) Size selective dustiness and exposure; simulated woprkplace comparisons. Ann Occup Hyg 50:452–45510.1093/annhyg/mel015 ↗
5. Brouwer DH, van Duuren-Stuurman B, Berges M, Jankowska E, Bard D, Mark D (2009) From workplace air measurement results toward estimates of exposure? Development of a strategy to assess exposure to manufactured nano-objects. J Nanopart Res 11:1867–188110.1007/s11051-009-9772-1 ↗
6. CEN (European Committee for Standardization) (2006) Workplace atmospheres-Measurement of the dustiness of bulk materials-Requirements and test methods. CEN 15051
7. Chen SC, Tsai CJ, Huang CY, Chen HD, Chen SJ, Lin CC, Tsai JH, Chou CK, Lung SC, Huang WR, Roam GD, Wu WY, Dzumbova L (2010) Chemical mass closure and chemical characteristics of ambient ultrafine particles and other PM fractions. Aerosol Sci Technol 44:713–72310.1080/02786826.2010.486385 ↗
8. Heitbrink WA, Todd WF, Cooper TC, O’Brin DM (1990) The application of dustiness tests to the prediction of worker dust exposure. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 51:217–22310.1080/15298669091369565 ↗
9. Huang CH, Tai CY, Huang CY, Tsai CJ, Chen CW, Chang CP, Shim TS (2010) Measurements of respirable dust and nanoparticle concentrations in a titanium dioxide pigment production factory. J Environ Sci Health A 45:1227–123310.1080/10934529.2010.493792 ↗
10. Jensen KA, Koponen IK, Clausen PA, Schneider T (2009) Dustiness behaviour of loose and compacted Bentonite and organoclay powders: what is the difference in exposure risk? J Nanopart Res 11:133–14610.1007/s11051-008-9420-1 ↗
11. Kuhlbusch TAJ, Neumann S, Fissan H (2004) Number size distribution, mass concentration, and particle composition of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 in bag filling areas of carbon black production. J Occup Environ Hyg 1:660–67110.1080/15459620490502242 ↗
12. Mark D (2005) The use of reliable measurements of dustiness of chemicals in selecting the most appreciate dust control technology. IOHA, Pilanesberg, pp S2–S3
13. Maynard AD, Baron PA, Foley M, Shvedova AA, Kisin ER, Castranova C (2004) Exposure to carbon nanotube material: aerosol release during handling of unrefined single-walled carbon nanotube material. J Toxicol Eviron Health A 67:97–107
14. Methner M, Hodson L, Geraci C (2010) Nanoparticle emission assessment technique (NEAT) for the identification and measurement of potential inhalation exposure to engineered nanomaterials—Part A. J Occup Eviron Hyg 7:127–13210.1080/15459620903476355 ↗
15. NIOSH (2007) Draft current intelligence bulletin evaluation of health hazard and recommendations for occupational exposure to titanium dioxide. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/review/public/Tio2/default.html . Accessed 10 December 2010
16. NIOSH (2009) Approaches to safe nanotechnology: Managing the health and safety concerns associated with engineered nanomaterials. March 2009. ( http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2009-125/pdfs/2009-125.pdf . Accessed 10 December 2010
17. NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods 7300, http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-154/pdfs/7300.pdf . Accessed 10 December 2010
18. NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods 7601, http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-154/pdfs/7601.pdf . Accessed 10 December 2010
19. Oberdöster G, Oberdöster E, Oberdöster J (2005) Nanotoxicology: an emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine particles. Eviron Health Perspect 113:823–83910.1289/ehp.7339 ↗
20. PEN (2010) The Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, http://www.nanotechproject.org/inventories/ . Assessed 10 December 2010
21. Peters TM, Elzey S, Johnson R, Park H, Grassian V, Maher T, O’Shaughnessy P (2009) Airborne monitoring to distinguish engineered nanomaterials from incidental particles for environmental health and safety. J Occup Environ Hyg 6:73–8110.1080/15459620802590058 ↗
22. Schneider T, Jensen KA (2008) Combined single-drop and rotating drum dustiness test of fine to nanosize powders using a small drum. Ann Occup Hyg 52(1):23–3410.1093/annhyg/mem059 ↗
23. Schneider T, Jensen KA (2009) Relevance of aerosol dynamics and dustiness for personal exposure to manufactured nanoparticles. J Nanopart Res 11:1637–165010.1007/s11051-009-9706-y ↗
24. Schulte P, Geraci C, Zumwalde R, Hoover M, Kuempel E (2008) Occupational risk management of engineered nanoparticles. J Occup Eviron Hyg 5:239–24910.1080/15459620801907840 ↗
25. Tsai CJ, Pui DYH (2009) Recent advances and new challenges of occupational and environmental health of nanotechnology. J Nanopart Res 11(1):1–410.1007/s11051-008-9474-0 ↗
26. Tsai CJ, Shiau HG, Lin KC, Shih TS (1999a) Effect of deposited particles and particle charge on the penetration of small sampling cyclones. J Aerosol Sci 30(3):313–32310.1016/S0021-8502(98)00054-8 ↗
27. Tsai CJ, Shiau HG, Shih TS (1999b) Field study of the accuracy of two respirable sampling cyclones. Aerosol Sci Technol 31:463–47210.1080/027868299304011 ↗
28. Tsai CJ, Wu CH, Leu ML, Chen SC, Huang CY, Tsai PJ, Ko FH (2009) Dustiness test of nanopowders using a standard rotating drum with a modified sampling train. J Nanopart Res 11(1):121–13110.1007/s11051-008-9453-5 ↗
29. Wang CF, Tu RH, Jeng SL (1997) Determination of silicon in airborne particulate matter by UV–visible spectrophotometry. Anal Chim Acta 342:239–24510.1016/S0003-2670(96)00536-3 ↗
30. Zhu CS, Chen CC, Cao JJ, Tsai CJ, Chou CK, Liu SC, Roam GD (2010) Characterization of carbon fractions for atmospheric fine particles and nanoparticles in a highway tunnel. Atmos Environ 44:2668–267310.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.04.042 ↗