Nanoparticle-based methodologies for targeted drug delivery—an insight
Source abstract
Abstract
Nanotechnology has made an extensive headway in medicinal field over recent times with its application in specific targeting of diseases and drug delivery. It furnishes all the possible path for current medical issues by employing smaller, faster, lighter, and better performing materials. Different types of complex nanocarriers used in drug delivery system have evolved immensely emphasizing on minimum toxicity and higher efficiency. This current review focuses on various organic and inorganic nanoparticle-based methodologies for targeted drug delivery along with a brief note on the evolving magnetic nanoparticles and drug delivery based on stimuli-responsive and biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles. The implementation of nano-based delivery system for the treatment of tumor, coronary artery disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and diabetes mellitus has also been discussed in the paper. Additionally, a crisp insight on some recent trends in nanocarrier discoveries for safe and personalized drug delivery system, drug resistance overcome by nanotechnology, and some possible way outs from the appeared shortcomings have been provided. The aim of this study majorly focuses on the large-scale importance of nanomedicines in improving the therapeutic outcome of numerous drugs with special reference to few pre-eminent disease therapies articulated in detail through this review which has been accompanied by discussions on how nanotechnology has evaded the problems associated with traditional drug delivery system by altering basic properties of drugs. On reaching the epilogue, we have a better understanding of the promising opportunities that nanotechnology bestows upon medical science and drug delivery for more specific and less toxic therapeutics.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery · Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications · Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (100+)
Show source-provided references
1. Abdalla AME, Xiao L, Ullah MW, Yu M, Ouyang C, Yang G (2018) Current challenges of cancer anti-angiogenic therapy and the promise of nanotherapeutics. Theranostics 8(2):533–548. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.2167410.7150/thno.21674 ↗
2. Aghebati-Maleki A, Dolati S, Ahmadi M, Baghbanzhadeh A, Asadi M, Fotouhi A, Yousefi M, Aghebati-Maleki L (2020) Nanoparticles and cancer therapy: perspectives for application of nanoparticles in the treatment of cancers. J Cell Physiol 235(3):1962–1972. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.2912610.1002/jcp.29126 ↗
3. Ahlawat J, Henriquez G, Narayan M (2018) Enhancing the delivery of chemotherapeutics: role of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles. Molecules 23(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules2309215710.3390/molecules23092157 ↗
4. Ahmed MA, Al-Kahtani HA, Jaswir I, AbuTarboush H, Ismail EA (2020) Extraction and characterization of gelatin from camel skin (potential halal gelatin) and production of gelatin nanoparticles. Saudi J Biol Sci 27(6):1596–1601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.03.02210.1016/j.sjbs.2020.03.022 ↗
5. Andresen TLBR (2013) Current challenges and future directions in nanomedicine. JSM Nanotechnol Nanomed 1(2):1013
6. Anees M, Masood M, Ilyas M, Ammad M (2016) Nanoparticles as a novel drug delivery system a review. Pak J Pharmaceut Res 2:160. https://doi.org/10.22200/pjpr.20162160-16710.22200/pjpr.20162160-167 ↗
7. Azarmi S, Tao X, Chen H, Wang Z, Finlay WH, Löbenberg R, Roa WH (2006) Formulation and cytotoxicity of doxorubicin nanoparticles carried by dry powder aerosol particles. Int J Pharm 319(1-2):155–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.03.05210.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.03.052 ↗
8. Barenholz Y (2012) Doxil®--the first FDA-approved nano-drug: lessons learned. J Control Release 160(2):117–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.03.02010.1016/j.jconrel.2012.03.020 ↗
9. Caban SAE, Sahin A, Capan Y (2014) Nanosystems for drug delivery. OA Drug Des Deliv 2(1):2
10. Cabral H, Murakami M, Hojo H, Terada Y, Kano MR, Chung U-i, Nishiyama N, Kataoka K (2013) Targeted therapy of spontaneous murine pancreatic tumors by polymeric micelles prolongs survival and prevents peritoneal metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci 110(28):11397–11402. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.130134811010.1073/pnas.1301348110 ↗
11. Castillo RR, Lozano D, Vallet-Regí M (2018) Building block based construction of membrane-organelle double targeted nanosystem for two-drug delivery. Bioconjug Chem 29(11):3677–3685. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b0060310.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00603 ↗
12. Chan JM, Rhee JW, Drum CL, Bronson RT, Golomb G, Langer R, Farokhzad OC (2011) In vivo prevention of arterial restenosis with paclitaxel-encapsulated targeted lipid-polymeric nanoparticles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108(48):19347–19352. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.111594510810.1073/pnas.1115945108 ↗
13. Chang Y, Yang ST, Liu JH, Dong E, Wang Y, Cao A, Liu Y, Wang H (2011) In vitro toxicity evaluation of graphene oxide on A549 cells. Toxicol Lett 200(3):201–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.11.01610.1016/j.toxlet.2010.11.016 ↗
14. Chen H, He S (2015) PLA–PEG coated multifunctional imaging probe for targeted drug delivery. Mol Pharm 12(6):1885–1892. https://doi.org/10.1021/mp500512z10.1021/mp500512z ↗
15. Chen KJ, Liang HF, Chen HL, Wang Y, Cheng PY, Liu HL, Xia Y, Sung HW (2013) A thermoresponsive bubble-generating liposomal system for triggering localized extracellular drug delivery. ACS Nano 7(1):438–446. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn304474j10.1021/nn304474j ↗
16. Chen Y, Ai K, Liu Y, Lu L (2014) Tailor-made charge-conversional nanocomposite for ph-responsive drug delivery and cell imaging. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6(1):655–663. https://doi.org/10.1021/am404761h10.1021/am404761h ↗
17. Chen B, He X-Y, Yi X-Q, Zhuo R-X, Cheng S-X (2015) Dual-peptide-functionalized albumin-based nanoparticles with pH-dependent self-assembly behavior for drug delivery. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7(28):15148–15153. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b0386610.1021/acsami.5b03866 ↗
18. Chen X, Liu Z, Parker SG, Zhang X, Gooding JJ, Ru Y, Liu Y, Zhou Y (2016a) Light-induced hydrogel based on tumor-targeting mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a theranostic platform for sustained cancer treatment. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8(25):15857–15863. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b0256210.1021/acsami.6b02562 ↗
19. Chen L, Zhou X, Nie W, Zhang Q, Wang W, Zhang Y, He C (2016b) Multifunctional redox-responsive mesoporous silica nanoparticles for efficient targeting drug delivery and magnetic resonance imaging. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8(49):33829–33841. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b1180210.1021/acsami.6b11802 ↗
20. Cheng R, Meng F, Deng C, Klok HA, Zhong Z (2013) Dual and multi-stimuli responsive polymeric nanoparticles for programmed site-specific drug delivery. Biomaterials 34(14):3647–3657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.01.08410.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.01.084 ↗
21. Cheng Y-J, Luo G-F, Zhu J-Y, Xu X-D, Zeng X, Cheng D-B, Li Y-M, Wu Y, Zhang X-Z, Zhuo R-X, He F (2015) Enzyme-induced and tumor-targeted drug delivery system based on multifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7(17):9078–9087. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b0075210.1021/acsami.5b00752 ↗
22. Cho K, Wang X, Nie S, Chen ZG, Shin DM (2008) Therapeutic nanoparticles for drug delivery in cancer. Clin Cancer Res 14(5):1310–1316. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.Ccr-07-144110.1158/1078-0432.Ccr-07-1441 ↗
23. Chowdhury A, Kunjiappan S, Panneerselvam T, Somasundaram B, Bhattacharjee C (2017) Nanotechnology and nanocarrier-based approaches on treatment of degenerative diseases. Int Nano Lett 7(2):91–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40089-017-0208-010.1007/s40089-017-0208-0 ↗
24. Chuan X, Song Q, Lin J, Chen X, Zhang H, Dai W, He B, Wang X, Zhang Q (2014) Novel free-paclitaxel-loaded redox-responsive nanoparticles based on a disulfide-linked poly(ethylene glycol)–drug conjugate for intracellular drug delivery: synthesis, characterization, and antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Mol Pharm 11(10):3656–3670. https://doi.org/10.1021/mp500399j10.1021/mp500399j ↗
25. Cohen SM, Mukerji R, Cai S, Damjanov I, Forrest ML, Cohen MS (2011) Subcutaneous delivery of nanoconjugated doxorubicin and cisplatin for locally advanced breast cancer demonstrates improved efficacy and decreased toxicity at lower doses than standard systemic combination therapy in vivo. Am J Surg 202(6):646–652; discussion 652-643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2011.06.02710.1016/j.amjsurg.2011.06.027 ↗
26. Daglar B, Ozgur E, Corman ME, Uzun L, Demirel GB (2014) Polymeric nanocarriers for expected nanomedicine: current challenges and future prospects. RSC Adv 4(89):48639–48659. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA06406B10.1039/C4RA06406B ↗
27. de Oliveira LF, Bouchmella K, Gonçalves KA, Bettini J, Kobarg J, Cardoso MB (2016) Functionalized silica nanoparticles as an alternative platform for targeted drug-delivery of water insoluble drugs. Langmuir 32(13):3217–3225. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b0021410.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00214 ↗
28. Deirram N, Zhang C, Kermaniyan SS, Johnston APR, Such GK (2019) pH-responsive polymer nanoparticles for drug delivery. Macromol Rapid Commun 40(10):1800917. https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.20180091710.1002/marc.201800917 ↗
29. Depan D, Js S, Misra RDK (2011) Controlled release of drug from folate-decorated and graphene mediated drug delivery system: synthesis, loading efficiency, and drug release response. Mater Sci Eng C 31:1305–1312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2011.04.01010.1016/j.msec.2011.04.010 ↗
30. Deshpande S, Sharma S, Koul V, Singh N (2017) Core–shell nanoparticles as an efficient, sustained, and triggered drug-delivery system. ACS Omega 2(10):6455–6463. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.7b0101610.1021/acsomega.7b01016 ↗
31. Deutel B, Greindl M, Thaurer M, Bernkop-Schnürch A (2008) Novel insulin thiomer nanoparticles: in vivo evaluation of an oral drug delivery system. Biomacromolecules 9(1):278–285. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm700916h10.1021/bm700916h ↗
32. Din FU, Aman W, Ullah I, Qureshi OS, Mustapha O, Shafique S, Zeb A (2017) Effective use of nanocarriers as drug delivery systems for the treatment of selected tumors. Int J Nanomedicine 12:7291–7309. https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.S14631510.2147/ijn.S146315 ↗
33. Dolmans DE, Fukumura D, Jain RK (2003) Photodynamic therapy for cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 3(5):380–387. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc107110.1038/nrc1071 ↗
34. Ellis E, Zhang K, Lin Q, Ye E, Poma A, Battaglia G, Loh XJ, Lee T-C (2017) Biocompatible pH-responsive nanoparticles with a core-anchored multilayer shell of triblock copolymers for enhanced cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 5(23):4421–4425. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TB00654C10.1039/C7TB00654C ↗
35. Elzoghby AO (2013) Gelatin-based nanoparticles as drug and gene delivery systems: reviewing three decades of research. J Control Release 172(3):1075–1091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.09.01910.1016/j.jconrel.2013.09.019 ↗
36. Feng L, Zhang S, Liu Z (2011) Graphene based gene transfection. Nanoscale 3(3):1252–125710.1039/c0nr00680g ↗
37. Fuchigami T, Kawamura R, Kitamoto Y, Nakagawa M, Namiki Y (2011) Ferromagnetic FePt-nanoparticles/polycation hybrid capsules designed for a magnetically guided drug delivery system. Langmuir 27(6):2923–2928. https://doi.org/10.1021/la104101910.1021/la1041019 ↗
38. Georganopoulou DG, Chang L, Nam JM, Thaxton CS, Mufson EJ, Klein WL, Mirkin CA (2005) Nanoparticle-based detection in cerebral spinal fluid of a soluble pathogenic biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102(7):2273–2276. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040933610210.1073/pnas.0409336102 ↗
39. Ghosh P, Han G, De M, Kim CK, Rotello VM (2008) Gold nanoparticles in delivery applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 60(11):1307–1315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2008.03.01610.1016/j.addr.2008.03.016 ↗
40. Gundogan B, Tan A, Farhatnia Y, Alavijeh MS, Cui Z, Seifalian AM (2014) Bioabsorbable stent quo vadis: a case for nano-theranostics. Theranostics 4(5):514–533. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.813710.7150/thno.8137 ↗
41. Guo Q, Chang Z, Khan NU, Miao T, Ju X, Feng H, Zhang L, Sun Z, Li H, Han L (2018) Nanosizing noncrystalline and porous silica material—naturally occurring opal shale for systemic tumor targeting drug delivery. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 10(31):25994–26004. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b0627510.1021/acsami.8b06275 ↗
42. Gupta TKBP, Chappidi SR, Sudhir Sastry YB, Paggi M, Bordas SP (2019) Advances in carbon based nanomaterials for bio-medical applications. Curr Med Chem 26(38):6851. https://doi.org/10.2174/092986732666618112611360510.2174/0929867326666181126113605 ↗
43. Haeri A, Sadeghian S, Rabbani S, Anvari MS, Lavasanifar A, Amini M, Dadashzadeh S (2013) Sirolimus-loaded stealth colloidal systems attenuate neointimal hyperplasia after balloon injury: a comparison of phospholipid micelles and liposomes. Int J Pharm 455(1-2):320–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.07.00310.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.07.003 ↗
44. Haider S (2020) Nanoparticles: the future of drug delivery. J Young Investig 38(1)
45. Hashizume H, Baluk P, Morikawa S, McLean JW, Thurston G, Roberge S, Jain RK, McDonald DM (2000) Openings between defective endothelial cells explain tumor vessel leakiness. Am J Pathol 156(4):1363–138010.1016/S0002-9440(10)65006-7 ↗
46. Hilgenbrink AR, Low PS (2005) Folate receptor-mediated drug targeting: from therapeutics to diagnostics. J Pharm Sci 94(10):2135–214610.1002/jps.20457 ↗
47. Jahanshahi M, Sanati M, Babaei Z (2008) Optimization of parameters for the fabrication of gelatin nanoparticles by Taguchi robust design method. J Appl Stat 35:1345–1353. https://doi.org/10.1080/0266476080238242610.1080/02664760802382426 ↗
48. Jensen AW, Wilson SR, Schuster DI (1996) Biological applications of fullerenes. Bioorg Med Chem 4(6):767–779. https://doi.org/10.1016/0968-0896(96)00081-810.1016/0968-0896(96)00081-8 ↗
49. Jiao Y-H, Li Y, Wang S, Zhang K, Jia Y-G, Fu Y (2010) Layer-by-layer assembly of poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles: a facile way to fabricate films for model drug delivery. Langmuir 26(11):8270–8273. https://doi.org/10.1021/la101123y10.1021/la101123y ↗
50. Kakizawa Y, Kataoka K (2002) Block copolymer micelles for delivery of gene and related compounds. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 54:203–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-409X(02)00017-010.1016/S0169-409X(02)00017-0 ↗
51. Kang HC, Bae YH (2007) pH-tunable endosomolytic oligomers for enhanced nucleic acid delivery. Adv Funct Mater 17(8):1263–1272. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.20060118810.1002/adfm.200601188 ↗
52. Karimi M, Zare H, Bakhshian Nik A, Yazdani N, Hamrang M, Mohamed E, Sahandi Zangabad P, Moosavi Basri SM, Bakhtiari L, Hamblin MR (2016) Nanotechnology in diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease. Nanomedicine (London) 11(5):513–530. https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm.16.310.2217/nnm.16.3 ↗
53. Kopecek J, Kopecková P, Minko T, Lu Z (2000) HPMA copolymer-anticancer drug conjugates: design, activity, and mechanism of action. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 50(1):61–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0939-6411(00)00075-810.1016/s0939-6411(00)00075-8 ↗
54. Kravanja G, Primožič M, Knez Ž, Leitgeb M (2019) Chitosan-based (nano)materials for novel biomedical applications. Molecules 24(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules2410196010.3390/molecules24101960 ↗
55. Krueger A (2010) Carbon materials and nanotechnology. Wiley10.1002/9783527629602 ↗
56. Kumar V, Toffoli G, Rizzolio F (2013) Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles in medicine for cancer therapy. ACS Med Chem Lett 4(11):1012–1013. https://doi.org/10.1021/ml400394a10.1021/ml400394a ↗
57. Kumari A, Yadav SK, Yadav SC (2010) Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles based drug delivery systems. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces 75(1):1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.09.00110.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.09.001 ↗
58. Kunjachan S, Rychlik B, Storm G, Kiessling F, Lammers T (2013) Multidrug resistance: physiological principles and nanomedical solutions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 65(13-14):1852–1865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2013.09.01810.1016/j.addr.2013.09.018 ↗
59. Lee C-S, Na K (2014) Photochemically triggered cytosolic drug delivery using pH-responsive hyaluronic acid nanoparticles for light-induced cancer therapy. Biomacromolecules 15(11):4228–4238. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm501258s10.1021/bm501258s ↗
60. Lee GY, Qian WP, Wang L, Wang YA, Staley CA, Satpathy M, Nie S, Mao H, Yang L (2013) Theranostic nanoparticles with controlled release of gemcitabine for targeted therapy and MRI of pancreatic cancer. ACS Nano 7(3):2078–2089. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn304346310.1021/nn3043463 ↗
61. Li H, Zhang Y, Wang L, Tian J, Sun X (2011) Nucleic acid detection using carbon nanoparticles as a fluorescent sensing platform. Chem Commun 47(3):961–96310.1039/C0CC04326E ↗
62. Li HJ, Du JZ, Liu J, Du XJ, Shen S, Zhu YH, Wang X, Ye X, Nie S, Wang J (2016a) Smart superstructures with ultrahigh pH-sensitivity for targeting acidic tumor microenvironment: instantaneous size switching and improved tumor penetration. ACS Nano 10(7):6753–6761. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b0232610.1021/acsnano.6b02326 ↗
63. Li H, Liu C, Zeng Y-P, Hao Y-H, Huang J-W, Yang Z-Y, Li R (2016b) Nanoceria-mediated drug delivery for targeted photodynamic therapy on drug-resistant breast cancer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8(46):31510–31523. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b0733810.1021/acsami.6b07338 ↗
64. Li Y, Zhang Y, Wang W (2018) Phototriggered targeting of nanocarriers for drug delivery. Nano Res 11(10):5424–5438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-018-2132-710.1007/s12274-018-2132-7 ↗
65. Liang K, Richardson JJ, Ejima H, Such GK, Cui J, Caruso F (2014) Peptide-tunable drug cytotoxicity via one-step assembled polymer nanoparticles. Adv Mater 26(15):2398–2402. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20130500210.1002/adma.201305002 ↗
66. Liu Z, Robinson JT, Sun X, Dai H (2008) PEGylated nanographene oxide for delivery of water-insoluble cancer drugs. J Am Chem Soc 130(33):10876–10877. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja803688x10.1021/ja803688x ↗
67. Loh KP, Bao Q, Ang PK, Yang J (2010) The chemistry of graphene. J Mater Chem 20(12):2277–2289. https://doi.org/10.1039/B920539J10.1039/B920539J ↗
68. Lombardo D, Kiselev MA, Caccamo MT (2019) Smart nanoparticles for drug delivery application: development of versatile nanocarrier platforms in biotechnology and nanomedicine. J Nanomater 2019:3702518. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/370251810.1155/2019/3702518 ↗
69. Maeda H (2001) The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect in tumor vasculature: the key role of tumor-selective macromolecular drug targeting. Adv Enzym Regul 41:189–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2571(00)00013-310.1016/s0065-2571(00)00013-3 ↗
70. Mahmoudi M, Sant S, Wang B, Laurent S, Sen T (2011) Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs): development, surface modification and applications in chemotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 63(1-2):24–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2010.05.00610.1016/j.addr.2010.05.006 ↗
71. Matica MA, Aachmann FL, Tøndervik A, Sletta H, Ostafe V (2019) Chitosan as a wound dressing starting material: antimicrobial properties and mode of action. Int J Mol Sci 20(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms2023588910.3390/ijms20235889 ↗
72. Mura S, Nicolas J, Couvreur P (2013) Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for drug delivery. Nat Mater 12(11):991–1003. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat377610.1038/nmat3776 ↗
73. Nasimi P, Haidari M (2013) Medical use of nanoparticles: drug delivery and diagnosis diseases. Int J Green Nanotechnol 1:1943089213506978. https://doi.org/10.1177/194308921350697810.1177/1943089213506978 ↗
74. Nesterov EE, Skoch J, Hyman BT, Klunk WE, Bacskai BJ, Swager TM (2005) In vivo optical imaging of amyloid aggregates in brain: design of fluorescent markers. Angew Chem Int Ed Eng 44(34):5452–5456. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.20050084510.1002/anie.200500845 ↗
75. Palanikumar L, Al-Hosani S, Kalmouni M, Nguyen VP, Ali L, Pasricha R, Barrera FN, Magzoub M (2020) pH-responsive high stability polymeric nanoparticles for targeted delivery of anticancer therapeutics. Commun Biol 3(1):95. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-020-0817-410.1038/s42003-020-0817-4 ↗
76. Park K (2013) Facing the truth about nanotechnology in drug delivery. ACS Nano 7(9):7442–7447. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn404501g10.1021/nn404501g ↗
77. Pasut G (2019) Grand challenges in nano-based drug delivery. Front Med Technol 1(1). https://doi.org/10.3389/fmedt.2019.0000110.3389/fmedt.2019.00001 ↗
78. Patra JK, Das G, Fraceto LF, Campos EVR, Rodriguez-Torres MP, Acosta-Torres LS, Diaz-Torres LA, Grillo R, Swamy MK, Sharma S, Habtemariam S, Shin H-S (2018) Nano based drug delivery systems: recent developments and future prospects. J Nanobiotechnol 16(1):71. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-018-0392-810.1186/s12951-018-0392-8 ↗
79. Pawar P, Domb A, Kumar N (2014) Systemic targeting systems-EPR effect, ligand targeting systems. In. pp 61-91. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9434-8_310.1007/978-1-4614-9434-8_3 ↗
80. Pierson HO (2012) Handbook of carbon, graphite, diamonds and fullerenes: processing, properties and applications. William Andrew
81. Potineni A, Lynn DM, Langer R, Amiji MM (2003) Poly(ethylene oxide)-modified poly(beta-amino ester) nanoparticles as a pH-sensitive biodegradable system for paclitaxel delivery. J Control Release 86(2-3):223–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-3659(02)00374-710.1016/s0168-3659(02)00374-7 ↗
82. Prilepskii AY, Fakhardo AF, Drozdov AS, Vinogradov VV, Dudanov IP, Shtil AA, Bel’tyukov PP, Shibeko AM, Koltsova EM, Nechipurenko DY, Vinogradov VV (2018) Urokinase-conjugated magnetite nanoparticles as a promising drug delivery system for targeted thrombolysis: synthesis and preclinical evaluation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 10(43):36764–36775. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b1479010.1021/acsami.8b14790 ↗
83. Rosenblum D, Joshi N, Tao W et al (2018) Progress and challenges towards targeted delivery of cancer therapeutics. Nat Commun 9:141010.1038/s41467-018-03705-y ↗
84. Saifullah S, Ali I, Kawish M, El-Shabasy R, Chen L, El-Seedi H (2020) Surface functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy and diagnosis. In. pp 215-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816960-5.00012-410.1016/B978-0-12-816960-5.00012-4 ↗
85. She W, Luo K, Zhang C, Wang G, Geng Y, Li L, He B, Gu Z (2013) The potential of self-assembled, pH-responsive nanoparticles of mPEGylated peptide dendron-doxorubicin conjugates for cancer therapy. Biomaterials 34(5):1613–1623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.11.00710.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.11.007 ↗
86. Shen H, Zhang L, Liu M, Zhang Z (2012) Biomedical applications of graphene. Theranostics 2(3):283–294. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.364210.7150/thno.3642 ↗
87. Shenoy DB, Amiji MM (2005) Poly(ethylene oxide)-modified poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanoparticles for targeted delivery of tamoxifen in breast cancer. Int J Pharm 293(1-2):261–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.12.01010.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.12.010 ↗
88. Shi W, Wang Q, Long Y, Cheng Z, Chen S, Zheng H, Huang Y (2011) Carbon nanodots as peroxidase mimetics and their applications to glucose detection. Chem Commun 47(23):6695–6697. https://doi.org/10.1039/C1CC11943E10.1039/C1CC11943E ↗
89. Singh R, Sreedharan S, Singh S (2014) The role of nanotechnology in combating multi-drug resistant bacteria. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 14:4745–4756. https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2014.952710.1166/jnn.2014.9527 ↗
90. Singh L, Kruger HG, Maguire GEM, Govender T, Parboosing R (2017) The role of nanotechnology in the treatment of viral infections. Therapeut Adv Infect Dis 4(4):105–131. https://doi.org/10.1177/204993611771359310.1177/2049936117713593 ↗
91. Spyropoulos-Antonakakis N, Sarantopoulou E, Trohopoulos PN, Stefi AL, Kollia Z, Gavriil VE, Bourkoula A, Petrou PS, Kakabakos S, Semashko VV, Nizamutdinov AS, Cefalas AC (2015) Selective aggregation of PAMAM dendrimer nanocarriers and PAMAM/ZnPc nanodrugs on human atheromatous carotid tissues: a photodynamic therapy for atherosclerosis. Nanoscale Res Lett 10:210. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-015-0904-510.1186/s11671-015-0904-5 ↗
92. Sudimack J, Lee R (2000) Targeted drug delivery via the folate receptor. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 41:147–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-409X(99)00062-910.1016/S0169-409X(99)00062-9 ↗
93. Sun X, Liu Z, Welsher K, Robinson JT, Goodwin A, Zaric S, Dai H (2008a) Nano-graphene oxide for cellular imaging and drug delivery. Nano Res 1(3):203–212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-008-8021-810.1007/s12274-008-8021-8 ↗
94. Sun C, Lee JS, Zhang M (2008b) Magnetic nanoparticles in MR imaging and drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 60(11):1252–1265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2008.03.01810.1016/j.addr.2008.03.018 ↗
95. Tang R, Ji W, Wang C (2010) Amphiphilic block copolymers bearing ortho ester side-chains: pH-dependent hydrolysis and self-assembly in water. Macromol Biosci 10(2):192–201. https://doi.org/10.1002/mabi.20090022910.1002/mabi.200900229 ↗
96. Taratula O, Garbuzenko OB, Chen AM, Minko T (2011) Innovative strategy for treatment of lung cancer: targeted nanotechnology-based inhalation co-delivery of anticancer drugs and siRNA. J Drug Target 19(10):900–914. https://doi.org/10.3109/1061186x.2011.62240410.3109/1061186x.2011.622404 ↗
97. Teleanu DM, Negut I, Grumezescu V, Grumezescu AM, Teleanu RI (2019) Nanomaterials for drug delivery to the central nervous system. Nanomaterials (Basel) 9(3):371. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano903037110.3390/nano9030371 ↗
98. Tiefenauer LX (2006) Ethics of nanotechnology in medicine. NanoBiotechnology 2(1):1–3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12030-006-0001-z10.1007/s12030-006-0001-z ↗
99. van Rijt SH, Bein T, Meiners S (2014) Medical nanoparticles for next generation drug delivery to the lungs. Eur Respir J 44(3):765–774. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.0021281310.1183/09031936.00212813 ↗
100. Veiseh O, Tang BC, Whitehead KA, Anderson DG, Langer R (2015) Managing diabetes with nanomedicine: challenges and opportunities. Nat Rev Drug Discov 14(1):45–57. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd447710.1038/nrd4477 ↗