Advances of Ag, Cu, and Ag–Cu alloy nanoparticles synthesized via chemical reduction route
Source abstract
Abstract
Silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) nanoparticles have shown great potential in variety applications due to their excellent electrical and thermal properties resulting high demand in the market. Decreasing in size to nanometer scale has shown distinct improvement in these inherent properties due to larger surface-to-volume ratio. Ag and Cu nanoparticles are also shown higher surface reactivity, and therefore being used to improve interfacial and catalytic process. Their melting points have also dramatically decreased compared with bulk and thus can be processed at relatively low temperature. Besides, regularly alloying Ag into Cu to create Ag–Cu alloy nanoparticles could be used to improve fast oxidizing property of Cu nanoparticles. There are varieties methods have been reported on the synthesis of Ag, Cu, and Ag–Cu alloy nanoparticles. This review aims to cover chemical reduction means for synthesis of those nanoparticles. Advances of this technique utilizing different reagents namely metal salt precursors, reducing agents, and stabilizers, as well as their effects on respective nanoparticles have been systematically reviewed. Other parameters such as pH and temperature that have been considered as an important factor influencing the quality of those nanoparticles have also been reviewed thoroughly.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Nanomaterials for catalytic reactions · Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications · Copper-based nanomaterials and applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (100+)
Show source-provided references
1. Abdulla-Al-Mamun M, Kusumoto Y, Muruganandham M (2009) Simple new synthesis of copper nanoparticles in water/acetonitrile mixed solvent and their characterization. Mater Lett 63(23):2007–2009. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2009.06.03710.1016/j.matlet.2009.06.037 ↗
2. Agrawal VV, Mahalakshmi P, Kulkarni GU, Rao CNR (2005) Nanocrystalline films of Au–Ag, Au–Cu, and Au–Ag–Cu alloys formed at the organic–aqueous interface. Langmuir 22(4):1846–1851. doi: 10.1021/la052595n10.1021/la052595n ↗
3. Al-Thabaiti SA, Al-Nowaiser FM, Obaid AY, Al-Youbi AO, Khan Z (2008) Formation and characterization of surfactant stabilized silver nanoparticles: a kinetic study. Colloids Surf B 67(2):230–237. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.08.02210.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.08.022 ↗
4. Ang TP, Chin WS (2005) Dodecanethiol-protected copper/silver bimetallic nanoclusters and their surface properties. J Phys Chem B 109(47):22228–22236. doi: 10.1021/jp053429r10.1021/jp053429r ↗
5. Angelescu DG, Vasilescu M, Anastasescu M, Baratoiu R, Donescu D, Teodorescu VS (2012) Synthesis and association of Ag(0) nanoparticles in aqueous Pluronic F127 triblock copolymer solutions. Colloid Surf A 394:57–66. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.11.02510.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.11.025 ↗
6. Athawale AA, Katre PP, Kumar M, Majumdar MB (2005) Synthesis of CTAB–IPA reduced copper nanoparticles. Mater Chem Phys 91(2–3):507–512. doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2004.12.01710.1016/j.matchemphys.2004.12.017 ↗
7. Ayyappan S, Gopalan RS, Subbanna GN, Rao CNR (1997) Nanoparticles of Ag, Au, Pd, and Cu produced by alcohol reduction of the salts. J Mater Res 12(2):398–401. doi: 10.1557/JMR.1997.005710.1557/JMR.1997.0057 ↗
8. Biçer M, Şişman İ (2010) Controlled synthesis of copper nano/microstructures using ascorbic acid in aqueous CTAB solution. Powder Technol 198(2):279–284. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2009.11.02210.1016/j.powtec.2009.11.022 ↗
9. Biswas A, Bayer IS, Biris AS, Wang T, Dervishi E, Faupel F (2012) Advances in top–down and bottom–up surface nanofabrication: techniques, applications and future prospects. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 170(1–2):2–27. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2011.11.00110.1016/j.cis.2011.11.001 ↗
10. Blosi M, Albonetti S, Dondi M, Martelli C, Baldi G (2011) Microwave-assisted polyol synthesis of Cu nanoparticles. J Nanopart Res 13(1):127–138. doi: 10.1007/s11051-010-0010-710.1007/s11051-010-0010-7 ↗
11. Bulut E, Özacar M (2009) Rapid, facile synthesis of silver nanostructure using hydrolyzable tannin. Ind Eng Chem Res 48(12):5686–5690. doi: 10.1021/ie801779f10.1021/ie801779f ↗
12. Burda C, Chen X, Narayanan R, El-Sayed MA (2005) Chemistry and properties of nanocrystals of different shapes. Chem Rev 105(4):1025–1102. doi: 10.1021/cr030063a10.1021/cr030063a ↗
13. Cañamares MV, Garcia-Ramos JV, Gómez-Varga JD, Domingo C, Sanchez-Cortes S (2005) Comparative study of the morphology, aggregation, adherence to glass, and surface-enhanced raman scattering activity of silver nanoparticles prepared by chemical reduction of Ag+ using citrate and hydroxylamine. Langmuir 21(18):8546–8553. doi: 10.1021/la050030l10.1021/la050030l ↗
14. Cao G, Wang Y (2010) Nanostructures and nanomaterials: synthesis, properties, and applications. Imperial College Press, London
15. Capek I (2004) Preparation of metal nanoparticles in water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 110(1–2):49–74. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2004.02.00310.1016/j.cis.2004.02.003 ↗
16. Castonguay A, Kakkar AK (2010) Dendrimer templated construction of silver nanoparticles. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 160(1–2):76–87. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2010.07.00610.1016/j.cis.2010.07.006 ↗
17. Chandra S, Kumar A, Tomar PK (2011) Synthesis and characterization of copper nanoparticles by reducing agent. J Saudi Chem Soc. doi: 10.1016/j.jscs.2011.06.00910.1016/j.jscs.2011.06.009 ↗
18. Chang J, Lee JH, Cha JH, Jung DY, Choi G, Kim G (2011) Bimetallic nanoparticles of copper and indium by borohydride reduction. Thin Solid Films 519(7):2176–2180. doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2010.11.03810.1016/j.tsf.2010.11.038 ↗
19. Chen DH, Huang YW (2002) Spontaneous formation of Ag nanoparticles in dimethylacetamide solution of poly(ethylene glycol). J Colloid Interface Sci 255(2):299–302. doi: 10.1006/jcis.2002.867410.1006/jcis.2002.8674 ↗
20. Chen L, Zhang D, Chen J, Zhou H, Wan H (2006) The use of CTAB to control the size of copper nanoparticles and the concentration of alkylthiols on their surfaces. Mater Sci Eng, A 415(1–2):156–161. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2005.09.06010.1016/j.msea.2005.09.060 ↗
21. Chen M, Feng YG, Wang X, Li TC, Zhang JY, Qian DJ (2007) Silver nanoparticles capped by oleylamine: formation, growth, and self-organization. Langmuir 23(10):5296–5304. doi: 10.1021/la700553d10.1021/la700553d ↗
22. Cheng X, Zhang X, Yin H, Wang A, Xu Y (2006) Modifier effects on chemical reduction synthesis of nanostructured copper. Appl Surf Sci 253(5):2727–2732. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.05.12510.1016/j.apsusc.2006.05.125 ↗
23. Cheng Z, Zhong H, Xu J, Chu X, Song Y, Xu M, Huang H (2011) Facile fabrication of ultrasmall and uniform copper nanoparticles. Mater Lett 65(19–20):3005–3008. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2011.06.03710.1016/j.matlet.2011.06.037 ↗
24. Chou KS, Ren CY (2000) Synthesis of nanosized silver particles by chemical reduction method. Mater Chem Phys 64(3):241–246. doi: 10.1016/s0254-0584(00)00223-610.1016/S0254-0584(00)00223-6 ↗
25. Chou KS, Lu YC, Lee HH (2005) Effect of alkaline ion on the mechanism and kinetics of chemical reduction of silver. Mater Chem Phys 94(2–3):429–433. doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.05.02910.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.05.029 ↗
26. Cortie MB, McDonagh AM (2011) Synthesis and optical properties of hybrid and alloy plasmonic nanoparticles. Chem Rev 111(6):3713–3735. doi: 10.1021/cr100252910.1021/cr1002529 ↗
27. Creighton JA, Blatchford CG, Albrecht MG (1979) Plasma resonance enhancement of Raman scattering by pyridine adsorbed on silver or gold sol particles of size comparable to the excitation wavelength. J Chem Soc 75:790–798
28. Cushing BL, Kolesnichenko VL, O’Connor CJ (2004) Recent advances in the liquid-phase syntheses of inorganic nanoparticles. Chem Rev 104(9):3893–3946. doi: 10.1021/cr030027b10.1021/cr030027b ↗
29. Dadgostar N, Ferdous S, Henneke D (2010) Colloidal synthesis of copper nanoparticles in a two-phase liquid–liquid system. Mater Lett 64(1):45–48. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2009.09.06710.1016/j.matlet.2009.09.067 ↗
30. Dadosh T (2009) Synthesis of uniform silver nanoparticles with a controllable size. Mater Lett 63(26):2236–2238. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2009.07.04210.1016/j.matlet.2009.07.042 ↗
31. Das R, Nath SS, Bhattacharjee R (2011) Luminescence of copper nanoparticles. J Lumin 131(12):2703–2706. doi: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2011.05.01910.1016/j.jlumin.2011.05.019 ↗
32. Davis RE, Bromels E, Kibby CL (1962) Boron hydrides. III. Hydrolysis of sodium borohydride in aqueous solution. J Am Chem Soc 84(6):885–892. doi: 10.1021/ja00865a00110.1021/ja00865a001 ↗
33. Dobbie JW, Evans R, Gibson DV, Smitham JB, Napper DH (1973) Enhanced steric stabilization. J Colloid Interface Sci 45(3):557–565. doi: 10.1016/0021-9797(73)90172-010.1016/0021-9797(73)90172-0 ↗
34. Dong X, Ji X, Wu H, Zhao L, Li J, Yang W (2009) Shape control of silver nanoparticles by stepwise citrate reduction. J Phys Chem C 113(16):6573–6576. doi: 10.1021/jp900775b10.1021/jp900775b ↗
35. Doty RC, Tshikhudo TR, Brust M, Fernig DG (2005) Extremely stable water-soluble Ag nanoparticles. Chem Mater 17(18):4630–4635. doi: 10.1021/cm050801710.1021/cm0508017 ↗
36. El-Nour KMMA, Eftaiha AA, Al-Warthan A, Ammar RAA (2010) Synthesis and applications of silver nanoparticles. Arab J Chem 3(3):135–140. doi: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.04.00810.1016/j.arabjc.2010.04.008 ↗
37. Frattini A, Pellegri N, Nicastro D, Sanctis OD (2005) Effect of amine groups in the synthesis of Ag nanoparticles using aminosilanes. Mater Chem Phys 94(1):148–152. doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.04.02310.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.04.023 ↗
38. Gates BD, Xu Q, Stewart M, Ryan D, Willson CG, Whitesides GM (2005) New approaches to nanofabrication: molding, printing, and other techniques. Chem Rev 105(4):1171–1196. doi: 10.1021/cr030076o10.1021/cr030076o ↗
39. Ghosh K, Kolay S (2008) Preparation of Ag nanoparticles in surfactant solution. J Dispers Sci Technol 29(5):676–681. doi: 10.1080/0193269070175682610.1080/01932690701756826 ↗
40. Guzmán MG, Dille J, Godet S (2009) Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by chemical reduction method and their antibacterial activity. Int J Chem Biomol Eng 2(3):104–111
41. Hashemipour H, Zadeh ME, Pourakbari R, Rahimi P (2011) Investigation on synthesis and size control of copper nanoparticle via electrochemical and chemical reduction method. Int J Phys Sci 6(18):4331–4336. doi: 10.5897/IJPS10.204
42. Hegde S, Kapoor S, Joshi S, Mukherjee T (2006) Effect of ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N, N, N′, N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) on the growth, stabilization and morphology of silver nanoparticles. Colloid Surf A 280(1–3):116–124. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.01.04110.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.01.041 ↗
43. Hsu SLC, Wu RT (2010) Preparation of silver nanoparticle with different particle sizes for low temperature-sintering. In: International conference on nanotechnology biosensors. IACSIT Press, Hong Kong, pp 55–58
44. Janardhanan R, Karuppaiah M, Hebalkar N, Rao TN (2009) Synthesis and surface chemistry of nano silver particles. Polyhedron 28(12):2522–2530. doi: 10.1016/j.poly.2009.05.03810.1016/j.poly.2009.05.038 ↗
45. Jiang H, Moon KS, Wong CP (2005) Synthesis of Ag-Cu alloy nanoparticles for lead-free interconnect materials. In: International symposium on advanced packaging mater, 16–18 March 2005, pp 173–177. doi: 10.1109/isapm.2005.143207210.1109/ISAPM.2005.1432072 ↗
46. Jin L, Yang SP, Tian QW, Wu HX, Cai YJ (2008) Preparation and characterization of copper metal nanoparticles using dendrimers as protectively colloids. Mater Chem Phys 112(3):977–983. doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.06.07310.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.06.073 ↗
47. Johnston RL (2002) Atomic and molecular clusters. Taylor & Francis, London10.1201/9781420055771 ↗
48. Kaler A, Patel N, Banerjee UC (2010) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Curr Res Inf Pharm Sci 11(4):68–71
49. Khan Z, Al-Thabaiti SA, El-Mossalamy EH, Obaid AY (2009) Studies on the kinetics of growth of silver nanoparticles in different surfactant solutions. Colloid Surf B 73(2):284–288. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.05.03010.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.05.030 ↗
50. Khan Z, Al-Thabaiti SA, Obaid AY, Al-Youbi AO (2011) Preparation and characterization of silver nanoparticles by chemical reduction method. Colloid Surf B 82(2):513–517. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.10.00810.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.10.008 ↗
51. Khanna PK, Subbarao VVVS (2003) Nanosized silver powder via reduction of silver nitrate by sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate in acidic pH medium. Mater Lett 57(15):2242–2245. doi: 10.1016/S0167-577X(02)01203-X10.1016/S0167-577X(02)01203-X ↗
52. Khanna PK, Singh N, Charan S, Subbarao VVVS, Gokhale R, Mulik UP (2005) Synthesis and characterization of Ag/PVA nanocomposite by chemical reduction method. Mater Chem Phys 93(1):117–121. doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.02.02910.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.02.029 ↗
53. Khanna PK, Gaikwad S, Adhyapak PV, Singh N, Marimuthu R (2007a) Synthesis and characterization of copper nanoparticles. Mater Lett 61(25):4711–4714. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2007.03.01410.1016/j.matlet.2007.03.014 ↗
54. Khanna PK, Singh N, Kulkarni D, Deshmukh S, Charan S, Adhyapak PV (2007b) Water based simple synthesis of re-dispersible silver nano-particles. Mater Lett 61(16):3366–3370. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2006.11.06410.1016/j.matlet.2006.11.064 ↗
55. Khanna PK, Kale TS, Shaikh M, Rao NK, Satyanarayana CVV (2008) Synthesis of oleic acid capped copper nano-particles via reduction of copper salt by SFS. Mater Chem Phys 110(1):21–25. doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.01.01310.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.01.013 ↗
56. Kim JS (2007) Reduction of silver nitrate in ethanol by poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone). J Ind Eng Chem 13(4):566–570
57. Kobayashi Y, Shirochi T, Yasuda Y, Morita T (2011) Preparation of metallic copper nanoparticles in aqueous solution and their bonding properties. Solid State Sci 13(3):553–558. doi: 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2010.12.02510.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2010.12.025 ↗
58. Kobayashi Y, Shirochi T, Yasuda Y, Morita T (2012) Metal–metal bonding process using metallic copper nanoparticles prepared in aqueous solution. Int J Adhes Adhes 33:50–55. doi: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2011.11.00210.1016/j.ijadhadh.2011.11.002 ↗
59. Krutyakov YA, Kudrinskiy AA, Olenin AY, Lisichkin GV (2008) Synthesis and properties of silver nanoparticles: advances and prospects. Russ Chem Rev 77(3):233–257. doi: 10.1070/RC2008v077n03ABEH00375110.1070/RC2008v077n03ABEH003751 ↗
60. Krutyakov YA, Kudrinsky AA, Olenin AY, Lisichkin GV (2010) Synthesis of highly stable silver colloids stabilized with water soluble sulfonated polyaniline. Appl Surf Sci 256(23):7037–7042. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.05.02010.1016/j.apsusc.2010.05.020 ↗
61. Kuchibhatla SVNT, Karakoti AS, Bera D, Seal S (2007) One dimensional nanostructured materials. Prog Mater Sci 52(5):699–913. doi: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2006.08.00110.1016/j.pmatsci.2006.08.001 ↗
62. Lah NAC, Johan MR (2009) Highly potential properties of Ag nanostructures: Controlled synthesis and characterization. In: 11th International conference on advanced mater, Brazil
63. Lah NAC, Johan MR (2011) Facile shape control synthesis and optical properties of silver nanoparticles stabilized by Daxad 19 surfactant. Appl Surf Sci 257(17):7494–7500. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.03.06710.1016/j.apsusc.2011.03.067 ↗
64. Lee PC, Meisel D (1982) Adsorption and surface-enhanced Raman of dyes on silver and gold sols. J Phys Chem 86(17):3391–339510.1021/j100214a025 ↗
65. Lee KJ, Lee YI, Shim IK, Jun BH, Cho HJ, Joung J (2007) Large-scale synthesis of polymer-stabilized silver nanoparticles. Solid State Phenom 124–126:1189–1192. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.124-126.1189
66. Li G, Luo Y (2007) Preparation and characterization of dendrimer-templated Ag–Cu bimetallic nanoclusters. Inorg Chem 47(1):360–364. doi: 10.1021/ic701090c10.1021/ic701090c ↗
67. Li X, Zhang J, Xu W, Jia H, Wang X, Yang B, Zhao B, Li B, Ozaki Y (2003) Mercaptoacetic acid-capped silver nanoparticles colloid: formation, morphology, and SERS activity. Langmuir 19(10):4285–4290. doi: 10.1021/la034181510.1021/la0341815 ↗
68. Li T, Park HG, Choi SH (2007) γ-Irradiation-induced preparation of Ag and Au nanoparticles and their characterizations. Mater Chem Phys 105(2–3):325–330. doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2007.04.06910.1016/j.matchemphys.2007.04.069 ↗
69. Li YS, Lu YC, Chou KS, Liu FJ (2010) Synthesis and characterization of silver–copper colloidal ink and its performance against electrical migration. Mater Res Bull 45(12):1837–1843. doi: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2010.09.01310.1016/j.materresbull.2010.09.013 ↗
70. Limsavarn L, Sritaveesinsub V, Dubas ST (2007) Polyelectrolyte assisted silver nanoparticles synthesis and thin film formation. Mater Lett 61(14–15):3048–3051. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2006.10.07210.1016/j.matlet.2006.10.072 ↗
71. Lines MG (2008) Nanomaterials for practical functional uses. J Alloy Compd 449(1–2):242–245. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.02.08210.1016/j.jallcom.2006.02.082 ↗
72. Liu MS, Lin MCC, Tsai CY, Wang CC (2006) Enhancement of thermal conductivity with Cu for nanofluids using chemical reduction method. Int J Heat Mass Tran 49(17–18):3028–3033. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.02.012
73. Liu J, Lee JB, Kim DH, Kim Y (2007) Preparation of high concentration of silver colloidal nanoparticles in layered laponite sol. Colloid Surf A 302(1–3):276–279. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.02.04010.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.02.040 ↗
74. Liu J, Li X, Zeng X (2010) Silver nanoparticles prepared by chemical reduction-protection method, and their application in electrically conductive silver nanopaste. J Alloy Compd 494(1–2):84–87. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.01.07910.1016/j.jallcom.2010.01.079 ↗
75. Liu QM, Zhou DB, Yamamoto Y, Ichino R, Okido M (2012a) Preparation of Cu nanoparticles with NaBH4 by aqueous reduction method. T Nonferr Metal Soc 22(1):117–123. doi: 10.1016/s1003-6326(11)61149-710.1016/S1003-6326(11)61149-7 ↗
76. Liu YY, Liu XY, Yang JM, Lin DL, Chen X, Zha LS (2012b) Investigation of Ag nanoparticles loading temperature responsive hybrid microgels and their temperature controlled catalytic activity. Colloid Surf A 393:105–110. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.11.00710.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.11.007 ↗
77. Liz-Marzán LM (2005) Tailoring surface plasmons through the morphology and assembly of metal nanoparticles. Langmuir 22(1):32–41. doi: 10.1021/la051335310.1021/la0513353 ↗
78. Liz-Marzán LM, Kamat PV (2003) Nanoscale materials. Kluwer, Dordrecht10.1007/b101855 ↗
79. Lu YC, Chou KS (2008) A simple and effective route for the synthesis of nano-silver colloidal dispersions. J Chin Inst Chem Eng, 39(6):673–678. doi: 10.1016/j.jcice.2008.06.00510.1016/j.jcice.2008.06.005 ↗
80. Lu YZ, Wei WT, Chen W (2012) Copper nanoclusters: synthesis, characterization and properties. Chin Sci Bull 57(1):41–47. doi: 10.1007/s11434-011-4896-y10.1007/s11434-011-4896-y ↗
81. Lundahl P, Stokes R, Smith E, Martin R, Graham D (2008) Synthesis and characterisation of monodispersed silver nanoparticles with controlled size ranges. Micro Nano Lett 3(2):62–65. doi: 10.1049/mnl:2008000310.1049/mnl:20080003 ↗
82. Luo C, Zhang Y, Zeng X, Zeng Y, Wang Y (2005) The role of poly(ethylene glycol) in the formation of silver nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 288(2):444–448. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.03.00510.1016/j.jcis.2005.03.005 ↗
83. Ma Y, Li N, Yang C, Yang X (2005) One-step synthesis of amino-dextran-protected gold and silver nanoparticles and its application in biosensors. Anal Bioanal Chem 382(4):1044–1048. doi: 10.1007/s00216-005-3222-410.1007/s00216-005-3222-4 ↗
84. Maillard M, Giorgio S, Pileni MP (2002) Silver nanodisks. Adv Mater 14(15):1084–1086. doi: 10.1002/1521-4095(20020805)14:15<1084:AID-ADMA1084>3.0.CO;2-L10.1002/1521-4095(20020805)14:15<1084::AID-ADMA1084>3.0.CO;2-L ↗
85. Maillard M, Giorgio S, Pileni MP (2003) Tuning the size of silver nanodisks with similar aspect ratios: synthesis and optical properties. J Phys Chem B 107(11):2466–2470. doi: 10.1021/jp022357q10.1021/jp022357q ↗
86. Manikam VR, Cheong KY, Razak KA (2011) Chemical reduction methods for synthesizing Ag and Al nanoparticles and their respective nanoalloys. Mater Sci Eng, B 176(3):187–203. doi: 10.1016/j.mseb.2010.11.00610.1016/j.mseb.2010.11.006 ↗
87. Martínez AG, Barbosa S, Santos IP, Marzán LML (2011) Nanostars shine bright for you: colloidal synthesis, properties and applications of branched metallic nanoparticles. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 16(2):118–127. doi: 10.1016/j.cocis.2010.12.00710.1016/j.cocis.2010.12.007 ↗
88. Martinez-Castanon GA, Niño-Martínez N, Martínez-Gutierrez F, Martínez-Mendoza JR, Ruiz F (2008) Synthesis and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles with different sizes. J Nanopart Res 10(8):1343–1348. doi: 10.1007/s11051-008-9428-610.1007/s11051-008-9428-6 ↗
89. Medina-Ramirez I, Bashir S, Luo Z, Liu JL (2009) Green synthesis and characterization of polymer-stabilized silver nanoparticles. Colloid Surf B 73(2):185–191. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.05.01510.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.05.015 ↗
90. Meng XK, Tang SC, Vongehr S (2010) A review on diverse silver nanostructures. J Mater Sci Technol 26(6):487–522. doi: 10.1016/s1005-0302(10)60078-310.1016/S1005-0302(10)60078-3 ↗
91. Moon GD, Ko S, Min Y, Zeng J, Xia Y, Jeong U (2011) Chemical transformations of nanostructured materials. Nano Today 6(2):186–203. doi: 10.1016/j.nantod.2011.02.00610.1016/j.nantod.2011.02.006 ↗
92. Mulfinger L, Solomon SD, Bahadory M, Jeyarajasingam AV, Rutkowsky SA, Boritz C (2007) Synthesis and study of silver nanoparticles. J Chem Educ 84(2):322. doi: 10.1021/ed084p32210.1021/ed084p322 ↗
93. Muñoz-Flores BM, Kharisov BI, Jiménez-Pérez VM, Elizondo Martínez P, López ST (2011) Recent advances in the synthesis and main applications of metallic nanoalloys. Ind Eng Chem Res 50(13):7705–7721. doi: 10.1021/ie200177d10.1021/ie200177d ↗
94. Naik B, Prasad VS, Ghosh NN (2010) A simple aqueous solution based chemical methodology for synthesis of Ag nanoparticles dispersed on mesoporous silicate matrix. Powder Technol 199(2):197–201. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2010.01.00510.1016/j.powtec.2010.01.005 ↗
95. Narayanan KB, Sakthivel N (2011) Green synthesis of biogenic metal nanoparticles by terrestrial and aquatic phototrophic and heterotrophic eukaryotes and biocompatible agents. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 169(2):59–79. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2011.08.00410.1016/j.cis.2011.08.004 ↗
96. Nersisyan HH, Lee JH, Son HT, Won CW, Maeng DY (2003) A new and effective chemical reduction method for preparation of nanosized silver powder and colloid dispersion. Mater Res Bull 38(6):949–956. doi: 10.1016/s0025-5408(03)00078-310.1016/S0025-5408(03)00078-3 ↗
97. Nickel U, Castell AZ, Pöppl K, Schneider S (2000) A silver colloid produced by reduction with hydrazine as support for highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Langmuir 16(23):9087–9091. doi: 10.1021/la000536y10.1021/la000536y ↗
98. Niemeyer CM (2001) Nanoparticles, proteins, and nucleic acids: biotechnology meets materials science. Angew Chem Int Edit 40(22):4128–4158. doi: 10.1002/1521-3773(20011119)40:22<4128:aid-anie4128>3.0.co;2-s10.1002/1521-3773(20011119)40:22<4128::AID-ANIE4128>3.0.CO;2-S ↗
99. Ohde H, Hunt F, Wai CM (2001) Synthesis of silver and copper nanoparticles in a water-in-supercritical-carbon dioxide microemulsion. Chem Mater 13(11):4130–4135. doi: 10.1021/cm010030g10.1021/cm010030g ↗
100. Pal A, Shah S, Devi S (2009) Microwave-assisted synthesis of silver nanoparticles using ethanol as a reducing agent. Mater Chem Phys 114(2–3):530–532. doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.11.05610.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.11.056 ↗