Remarkable flexibility and curvature-tunable thermoelectric properties in transparent freestanding single-crystalline CdO membranes

Transparent thermoelectric CdO thin films exhibit critical flexibility and thermoelectric performance that require focused research to advance flexible transparent self-powered devices. Here, we demonstrate the superior flexibility of freestanding single-crystalline CdO membranes. These membranes achieve a notable room-temperature power factor of 1.48 μW·cm −1 ·K −2 and exhibit superior optical transmittance exceeding 94% in the 550–800 nm range. Crucially, freestanding CdO exhibits exceptional mechanical robustness, retaining >90% electrical conductivity after 1000 bending cycles (radius: 11.5 mm). Microstructure analyses confirm polycrystalline CdO films suffer from grain boundary cracking under bending due to stress concentration, but single-crystal CdO membranes—without grain boundaries to concentrate stress—exhibit better flexibility and resistance to cracking. Furthermore, curvature-induced strain boosts the power factor by 12.8%, providing a curvature-controlled strain engineering strategy to optimize flexible thermoelectric performance. This work establishes freestanding CdO as a highly efficient and flexible thermoelectric material and suggests a fundamental strategy for designing robust smart materials for transparent, self-powered flexible electronics. • Freestanding CdO membranes display PF 1.48 μW⋅cm −1 ·K −2 , and optical transmittance remains >94% at 550–800 nm. • CdO membranes retain over 90% conductivity after 1000 bends at 11.5 mm radius. • Curvature-induced strain enhances the PF by 12.8%, providing a tunable strategy for wearable applications.