Constructing Micro-/Nano-Aramid Pulp (MAP)–Epoxy Coatings on Laser-Engraved Titanium Alloy Surfaces for Stronger Adhesive Bonding with Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Panel
Source abstract
Abstract
A shape-controllable laser-engraving treatment (LET) and aramid pulp (AP)-reinforced resin pre-coating (RPC) were used on a titanium (Ti) alloy surface to construct micro-/nano-aramid pulp and epoxy (MAPE) coatings for greater bonding strength with carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs). The array pits of regular hexagon on the Ti alloy surface were engraved and vertical spaces between the array pits were created to place the AP-reinforced epoxy for stronger mechanical interlocking. The specimen treated with laser engraving (side length of 0.3 mm) and AP-reinforced RPC yielded the greatest bonding strength of 27.1 MPa, 67.4% higher than the base strength. The failure modes of the Ti-CFRPs composites changed from debonding failure at the Ti/epoxy surface to fiber-damaged failure of the laminated CFRPs panels. The shape-controllable LET and simple AP-reinforced RPC were confirmed as the most feasible and effective combined methods for use on titanium alloy surfaces for manufacturing stronger Ti-CFRPs composites, which exhibited the potential for application in other metal–matrix-bonding composite systems.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies · Tribology and Wear Analysis · Metal and Thin Film Mechanics
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621000, China
Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
Funding
High-end Foreign Expert Recruitment Plan of China · Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province, China · Opening Project of Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan province, China
References (40)
Show source-provided references
1. Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Aluminium and CFRP Composites: The Case of Aerospace Manufacturing10.1007/s00170-024-13241-3 ↗
2. Hagnell, M.K., Kumaraswamy, S., Nyman, T., and Åkermo, M. (2020). From Aviation to Automotive—A Study on Material Selection and Its Implication on Cost and Weight Efficient Structural Composite and Sandwich Designs. Heliyon, 6.10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03716 ↗
3. Musa, A.A., and Onwualu, A.P. (2024). Potential of Lignocellulosic Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites for Automobile Parts Production: Current Knowledge, Research Needs, and Future Direction. Heliyon, 10.10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24683 ↗
4. Marin, E., and Lanzutti, A. (2023). Biomedical Applications of Titanium Alloys: A Comprehensive Review. Materials, 17.10.3390/ma17010114 ↗
5. Tensile Properties Analysis of CFRP-Titanium Plate Multi-Bolt Hybrid Joints10.1016/j.cja.2021.07.006 ↗
6. Wang, J., Yu, Y., Fu, C., Xiao, H., Wang, H., and Zheng, X. (2020). Experimental Investigation of Clinching CFRP/Aluminum Alloy Sheet with Prepreg Sandwich Structure. J. Mater. Process. Technol., 277.10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2019.116422 ↗
7. Duan, L., Liang, W., Hou, Y., Wang, D., Cui, J., Li, G., and Jiang, H. (2024). Investigation on Shear and Fatigue Performance of CFRP/Aluminum Alloy Single-Lap Adhesive Joint. Thin-Walled Struct., 196.10.1016/j.tws.2023.111421 ↗
8. Liu, Y., Zhuang, W., and Wu, S. (2020). Damage to Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) in Hole-Clinched Joints with Aluminium Alloy and CFRP. Compos. Struct., 234.10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.111710 ↗
9. Tafsirojjaman, T., Miri, A., Noor-E-Khuda, S., Ahmed, A., Islam, A.B.M.S., and Khan, M. (2024). Structural Performance of CFRP Strengthened SHS Beam-Column Connections Subjected to Monotonic Loading: A Numerical Simulation. Structures, 61.10.1016/j.istruc.2024.106030 ↗
10. Recent Advances in Drilling of Carbon Fiber–Reinforced Polymers for Aerospace Applications: A Review10.1007/s00170-019-04348-z ↗
11. Riveting Damage Behavior and Mechanical Performance Investigation of CFRP/CFRP Thin-Walled Single-Lap Blind Riveted Joints10.1016/j.jmapro.2024.09.024 ↗
12. Akhavan-Safar, A., Ramezani, F., Delzendehrooy, F., Ayatollahi, M.R., and da Silva, L.F.M. (2022). A Review on Bi-Adhesive Joints: Benefits and Challenges. Int. J. Adhes. Adhes., 114.10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2022.103098 ↗
13. Barbosa, N.G.C., Campilho, R.D.S.G., Silva, F.J.G., and Moreira, R.D.F. (2018). Comparison of Different Adhesively-Bonded Joint Types for Mechanical Structures. Appl. Adhes. Sci., 6.10.1186/s40563-018-0116-1 ↗
14. Su, J., Tan, C., Wang, X., Li, H., Liu, Y., Han, X., Feng, Z., Xia, H., Chen, B., and Song, X. (2023). Enhanced the Bonding Reliability of Titanium Alloy and CFRTP via Interfacial Multiple Modification: Synergy of Physical Interlocking and Chemical Interaction. Compos. Struct., 310.10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.116778 ↗
15. Wang, Z., Song, J., Wang, T., Wang, H., and Wang, Q. (2021). Laser Texturing for Superwetting Titanium Alloy and Investigation of Its Erosion Resistance. Coatings, 11.10.3390/coatings11121547 ↗
16. The Influence of Mechanical and Chemical Treatments on the Environmental Resistance of Epoxy Adhesive Bonds to Titanium10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2013.09.012 ↗
17. Effects of Different Surface Treatment Methods on the Micro-Shear Bond Strength of Calcium Silicate–Based Materials10.1007/s41779-023-00945-0 ↗
18. The Effect of Sandblasting on Surface Properties for Adhesion10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2016.06.010 ↗
19. Hybrid Tools for Improved Removal and Surface Finish of Metals and Non-Metals10.1016/j.procir.2024.05.041 ↗
20. Effects of Surface Treatments and Bonding Types on the Interfacial Behavior of Fiber Metal Laminate Based on Magnesium Alloy10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.09.024 ↗
21. Hu, Y., Yuan, B., Cheng, F., and Hu, X. (2019). NaOH Etching and Resin Pre-Coating Treatments for Stronger Adhesive Bonding between CFRP and Aluminium Alloy. Compos. B Eng., 178.10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107478 ↗
22. Hu, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, L., Jiang, H., Cheng, F., and Hu, X. (2022). A Simple and Effective Resin Pre-Coating Treatment on Grinded, Acid Pickled and Anodised Substrates for Stronger Adhesive Bonding between Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy and CFRP. Surf. Coat. Technol., 432.10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.128072 ↗
23. Sato, K., Asoh, H., and Yamamoto, H. (2021). Effects of Nanoporous Structure of Anodic Films on Adhesive Strength between Aluminum Alloys and Polyamide Resin. Mater. Trans., 62.10.2320/matertrans.MT-L2021006 ↗
24. Fiore, V., Di Franco, F., Miranda, R., Santamaria, M., Badagliacco, D., and Valenza, A. (2021). Effects of Anodizing Surface Treatment on the Mechanical Strength of Aluminum Alloy 5083 to Fibre Reinforced Composites Adhesive Joints. Int. J. Adhes. Adhes., 108.10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2021.102868 ↗
25. Approaches to Design a Surface with Tunable Wettability: A Review on Surface Properties10.1007/s10853-020-05116-1 ↗
26. Zhao, D., Lu, G., Yao, Y., Attard, B., Luo, X., and Ji, Z. (2024). Regulating Material Wettability through Surface Plastic Deformation Post-Processing via Friction Modification. Tribol. Int., 198.10.1016/j.triboint.2024.109901 ↗
27. Zheng, H., Zhang, W., Li, B., Zhu, J., Wang, C., Song, G., Wu, G., Yang, X., Huang, Y., and Ma, L. (2022). Recent Advances of Interphases in Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review. Compos. B Eng., 233.10.1016/j.compositesb.2022.109639 ↗
28. Arulvel, S., Jain, A., Kandasamy, J., and Singhal, M. (2023). Laser Processing Techniques for Surface Property Enhancement: Focus on Material Advancement. Surf. Interfaces, 42.10.1016/j.surfin.2023.103293 ↗
29. Microstructure Control of the Wettability and Adhesion of Al Alloy Surfaces10.1039/D0RA07892A ↗
30. Research Progress on Laser Surface Modification of Titanium Alloys10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.08.011 ↗
31. Hizli, H., Zou, Z., Murray, J., Clare, A., and Simonelli, M. (2024). Microstructural Evolution in Laser Melted Boron Alloyed Ti-6Al-4V. J Alloys. Compd., 981.10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.173762 ↗
32. Jiang, S., Hu, R., Liu, X., Cui, Y., Ren, Y., and Jiang, H. (2023). Hierarchical Microstructure Design of CFRP/Al Interface with ZnO-Nanostructures and Modified Resin Pre-Coating: Nano-Mechanical Interlocking. Compos. Struct., 322.10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117429 ↗
33. Unravelling the Role of Filler Surface Wettability in Long-Term Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of Epoxy Resin Composites under Hygrothermal Aging10.1016/j.jcis.2024.11.186 ↗
34. Mao, Z., Zhang, J., Ma, Q., Du, G., Li, Y., and Yang, X. (2022). Performance Evaluation of Fiber-Reinforced Reactive Powder Concrete Exposed to High Temperature Combining Nondestructive Test. J. Build. Eng., 61.10.1016/j.jobe.2022.105266 ↗
35. Pull-out Behavior of Steel Fiber Embedded in Flowable RPC and Ordinary Mortar10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.11.037 ↗
36. Cheng, F., Hu, Y., Lv, Z., Chen, G., Yuan, B., Hu, X., and Huang, Z. (2020). Directing Helical CNT into Chemically-Etched Micro-Channels on Aluminum Substrate for Strong Adhesive Bonding with Carbon Fiber Composites. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 135.10.1016/j.compositesa.2020.105952 ↗
37. Zuo, S., Cheng, F., Yang, G., Li, J., Deng, Y., Gou, G., Cui, X., Hu, Y., and Hu, X. (2024). An Effective Micro-Arc Oxidation (MAO) Treatment on Aluminum Alloy for Stronger Bonding Joint with Carbon Fiber Composites. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 177.10.1016/j.compositesa.2023.107919 ↗
38. Aramid Fibre as Potential Reinforcement for Polymer Matrix Composites: A Review10.1007/s42247-021-00246-x ↗
39. Rajak, D., Pagar, D., Menezes, P., and Linul, E. (2019). Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites: Manufacturing, Properties, and Applications. Polymers, 11.10.3390/polym11101667 ↗
40. (2001). Test Method for Lap Shear Adhesion for Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Bonding (Standard No. ASTM D5868).