Synthesis and Characterisation of Organo-Modified Silica Nanostructured Films for the Water-Repellent Treatment of Historic Stone Buildings
Source abstract
Abstract
This study presents the facile sol-gel synthesis of nanostructured coatings for use in water-repellent treatment of travertine stone. The synthesized materials combine surface roughness characteristics with particular chemical compositions to give different hydrophobicity results. The influence of the silica particle coating precursor on the hydrophobicity of the polymeric film was investigated, and the octyl-modified silane was selected for further fabrication of the hybrid coatings. The water repellent properties, together with composition and structural properties of the silane-based hybrid material were measured on model glass surface. The coating with the best characteristics was subsequently deposited onto the travertine stone. The potential applicability of the nanostructured material was evaluated considering both the properties of the coating film and those of the travertine stone subjected to the treatment. The surface texture of the film, water repellent properties and uniformity were determined using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering and contact angle measurements. The coating’s potential for use in stone conservation was evaluated by assessing its impact on the stone’s visual aspect. All the results obtained from the different types of analyses showed that the octyl-modified silica nanostructured material was highly hydrophobic and compatible both with the travertine stone and with the requirements for use on cultural heritage monuments.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Building materials and conservation · Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity · Conservation Techniques and Studies
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Spl. Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
3NanoSAE Research Center, Physics Department, University of Bucharest, 405 Atomistilor Street, PO Box MG-38, 077125 Magurele, Romania
Physical Chemistry Department, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Elisabeta Blvd., 030118 Bucharest, Romania
Funding
Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii
References (36)
Show source-provided references
1. An integrated approach for assessing the vulnerability of World Heritage Sites to climate change impacts10.1016/j.culher.2019.06.013 ↗
2. American Geological Institute (2003). Dictionary of Mining, Mineral, and Related Terms, Springer-Verlag GmbH & Co. KG.
3. Rough and polished travertine building stone decay evaluated by a marine aerosol ageing test10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.01.011 ↗
4. Chelmus, A., Radvan, R., and Angheluta, L. (2018). Aerial Investigations Corroboration for Archaeology and Monuments. Proceedings of the 2018 11th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE), IEEE.10.1109/DeSE.2018.00024 ↗
5. Hosseini, M., and Karapanagiotis, I. (2018). Advanced Materials for the Conservation of Stone, Springer International Publishing.10.1007/978-3-319-72260-3 ↗
6. Impact of salt and frost weathering on the physical and durability properties of travertines and carbonate tufas used as building material10.1007/s12665-018-7339-0 ↗
7. Caneva, G., Fidanza, M.R., Tonon, C., and Favero-Longo, S.E. (2020). Biodeterioration Patterns and Their Interpretation for Potential Applications to Stone Conservation: A Hypothesis from Allelopathic Inhibitory Effects of Lichens on the Caestia Pyramid (Rome). Sustainability, 12.10.3390/su12031132 ↗
8. Artesani, A., Di Turo, F., Zucchelli, M., and Traviglia, A. (2020). Recent Advances in Protective Coatings for Cultural Heritage–An Overview. Coatings, 10.10.3390/coatings10030217 ↗
9. Nanostructured Coatings for Stone Protection: An Overview10.3389/fmats.2019.00147 ↗
10. Kourkoulis, S.K. (2006). Fracture and Failure of Natural Building Stones, Springer.10.1007/978-1-4020-5077-0 ↗
11. Effect of solvent on PARALOID® B72 and B44 acrylic resins used as adhesives in conservation10.1186/s40494-019-0283-9 ↗
12. Karapanagiotis, I., Chatzigrigoriou, A., and Manoudis, P.N. (2020). Waterborne superhydrophobic coatings for the conservation of the cultural heritage. Handbook of Waterborne Coatings, Elsevier.10.1016/B978-0-12-814201-1.00010-X ↗
13. Sabatini, V., Pargoletti, E., Comite, V., Ortenzi, M.A., Fermo, P., Gulotta, D., and Cappelletti, G. (2019). Towards Novel Fluorinated Methacrylic Coatings for Cultural Heritage: A Combined Polymers and Surfaces Chemistry Study. Polymers, 11.10.3390/polym11071190 ↗
14. A superhydrophobic fluorinated PDMS composite as a wearable strain sensor with excellent mechanical robustness and liquid impalement resistance10.1039/C9TA13281C ↗
15. Water repellent ORMOSIL films for the protection of stone and other materials10.1016/j.matlet.2014.05.163 ↗
16. Superhydrophobic fluorinated oligomers as protective agents for outdoor stone artworks10.1016/j.culher.2020.01.005 ↗
17. A critical review of the application of polymer of low concern and regulatory criteria to fluoropolymers: Fluoropolymers PLC10.1002/ieam.4035 ↗
18. Aslanidou, D., and Karapanagiotis, I. (2018). Superhydrophobic, Superoleophobic and Antimicrobial Coatings for the Protection of Silk Textiles. Coatings, 8.10.3390/coatings8030101 ↗
19. Controlled growth of monodisperse silica spheres in the micron size range10.1016/0021-9797(68)90272-5 ↗
20. Contact angle hysteresis: A review of fundamentals and applications10.1007/s00396-012-2796-6 ↗
21. Enhanced affordable methods for assessing material characteristics and consolidation effects on stone and mortar10.1088/1742-2132/10/6/064005 ↗
22. Contact sponge method: Performance of a promising tool for measuring the initial water absorption10.1016/j.culher.2008.10.002 ↗
23. Superhydrophobic states10.1038/nmat924 ↗
24. Liu, Y., Song, D., and Choi, C.-H. (2018). Anti- and De-Icing Behaviors of Superhydrophobic Fabrics. Coatings, 8.10.3390/coatings8060198 ↗
25. A Review on Superhydrophobic Polymer Nanocoatings: Recent Development and Applications10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04887 ↗
26. Surface Roughness and Contact Angle10.1021/j150474a015 ↗
27. Wettability of porous surfaces10.1039/tf9444000546 ↗
28. Issa, A., and Luyt, A. (2019). Kinetics of Alkoxysilanes and Organoalkoxysilanes Polymerization: A Review. Polymers, 11.10.3390/polym11030537 ↗
29. Durable Superhydrophobic and Antireflective Surfaces by Trimethylsilanized Silica Nanoparticles-Based Sol−Gel Processing10.1021/la804166t ↗
30. Surface modification of silica particles assisted by CO210.1016/j.supflu.2013.12.025 ↗
31. OTES modified transparent dip coated silica coatings10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.05.079 ↗
32. dos Hybrid silica bearing different organosilanes produced by the modified Stöber method10.1016/j.powtec.2016.04.025 ↗
33. Choudhury, A.K.R. (2014). Principles of Colour Appearance and Measurement, Woodhead Publishing Limited in association with The Textile Institute.
34. Study of silica nanoparticles—polysiloxane hydrophobic treatments for stone-based monument protection10.1016/j.culher.2011.02.006 ↗
35. Definition of the procedure to determine the suitability and durability of an anti-graffiti product for application on cultural heritage porous materials10.1016/j.culher.2011.07.004 ↗
36. Assessment of synthetic polymeric coatings for the protection and preservation of stone monuments10.1016/j.culher.2006.06.007 ↗