Formation of Cu2ZnSnS4 absorber layers for solar cells by electrodeposition-annealing route

Abstract This study investigates the electrodeposition process of quaternary copper–zinc–tin–sulfur (CZTS) thin films with a focus on the ability of ligands to bring deposition potentials of the individual elements closer to each other. Our results show that thiocyanate ions (CNS−) can be used as a suitable complexant for the electrodeposition of Cu2ZnSnS4 from aqueous solutions. A complex electrolyte was developed and the composition measurements showed a large potential interval for the deposition of the CZTS thin film material with an appropriate metal ratio. The layers recrystallized in stoichiometric kesterite structure after annealing at 550 °C in H2S atmosphere for 60 min.