Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cell prepared entirely by non-vacuum processes

Abstract Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) solar cell with superstrate structure of fluorine-doped tin oxide glass/TiO 2 /In 2 S 3 /CZTS/Carbon was prepared entirely by non-vacuum processes. The compact TiO 2 window and In 2 S 3 buffer layers, CZTS absorber layer and Carbon electrode layer were prepared by spray pyrolysis method, ball milling and screen printing combination processes and screen printing process, respectively. The short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, fill factor and conversion efficiency of the best fabricated solar cell are 8.76 mA/cm 2 , 250 mV, 0.27 and 0.6%, respectively. The fabrication process for the CZTS solar cell did not employ any vacuum conditions or high-toxic materials (such as CdS, H 2 Se, H 2 S or Se).