Intercalation-Engineered Out-of-Plane Polarized van der Waals Ferromagnetic Superlattice with Room-Temperature Néel-Type Skyrmions

Ying Deng; Zefang Li; Guanqi Li; Xi Shen; Huai Zhang; Junlin Wang; Lijun Wu; Jiangteng Guo; Yue Hu; Xuange Hu; Can Liu; Minghui Qin; Richeng Yu; Xingsen Gao; Zhimin Liao; Junming Liu; Xiang Ma; Dapeng Yu; Bin Xiang; Zhipeng Hou; Yimei Zhu; Xuewen Fu

doi:10.1021/acsnano.5c10466

journal article·2025-09-16

Intercalation-Engineered Out-of-Plane Polarized van der Waals Ferromagnetic Superlattice with Room-Temperature Néel-Type Skyrmions

Ying Deng, Zefang Li, Guanqi Li, Xi Shen, Huai Zhang, Junlin Wang, Lijun Wu, Jiangteng Guo, Yue Hu, Xuange Hu, Can Liu, Minghui Qin, Richeng Yu, Xingsen Gao, Zhimin Liao, Junming Liu, Xiang Ma, Dapeng Yu, Bin Xiang, Zhipeng Hou, Yimei Zhu, Xuewen Fu

ACS Nano· Volume 19· Issue 36

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Source abstract

Abstract

Superlattices (SLs) based on two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials, abbreviated as 2D-SLs, have garnered significant attention due to their customizable properties. 2D-SLs can be engineered by mechanical stacking or chemical intercalation to achieve diverse forms of symmetry breaking, resulting in exotic phenomena like the quantum anomalous Hall effect and topological magnetism. Hitherto, broken symmetries in 2D-SLs have been widely produced within lateral planes or three dimensions. However, symmetry breaking along the vertical direction, specifically as an out-of-plane one-dimensional (1D) polarized superlattice, has not yet been achieved. Here, we report a so far unseen out-of-plane 1D polarized vdW ferromagnetic superlattice achieved through an approach of two-step intercalation and de-embedding of chromium (Cr)-based 2D vdW magnets. The off-centering polarization of both intrinsic and intercalated Cr atoms in this (1 × 1 × 2) superstructure breaks the mirror symmetry vertically, yielding a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). This results in high-density Néel-type magnetic skyrmions over a broad temperature range. Notably, sub-100 nm Néel-type skyrmions at room temperature (RT) can be achieved by tuning the Cr intercalation ratio, marking the first binary compound RT Néel-type skyrmionic vdW magnet. Our work expands the 2D-SL family with a class of out-of-plane 1D polarized ferromagnetic superlattice with tunable topological magnetism.

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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Graphene research and applications · Advanced Materials and Mechanics · Layered Double Hydroxides Synthesis and Applications

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Ultrafast Electron Microscopy Laboratory, The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics

School of Physics

Nankai University

School of Integrated Circuits

Guangdong University of Technology

Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics

Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics

South China Normal University

Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department

Brookhaven National Laboratory

State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics

Peking University

Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures

Nanjing University

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Lab of Materials for Energy Conversion and Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology

University of Science and Technology of China

International Quantum Academy, Futian District, Shenzhen 518045, China

Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering

Southern University of Science and Technology

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center

Funding

Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipality · Nankai University · National Key Research and Development Program of China · Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province · China Postdoctoral Science Foundation · Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau · Brookhaven National Laboratory · National Natural Science Foundation of China · Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project · Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology

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