Pressure control algorithm of yarn precision winding based on proportional–integral–derivative ant colony optimization

The contact pressure control issue in the precision winding process significantly affects the yarn package density and overall quality. The following work was done to address this challenge. An analysis of the mechanical structure of precision winding machines was conducted to establish a nonlinear mathematical model of contact pressure in precision winding. MATLAB was used for the simulation, which validated the nonlinear relationship between the contact pressure and yarn package diameter variations during the winding process. A novel contact pressure control algorithm utilizing ant colony optimization (ACO) for proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control was proposed to enhance the stability of the contact pressure and improve the yarn package quality. An experimental platform for a precision winding doubling machine was developed, and the controller’s performance was evaluated for various parameters, including different types and thicknesses of yarn. This approach verified the efficacy of the theoretical model and the control algorithm. The ACO-PID control method exhibited superior accuracy and stability, compared with traditional control methods, improving the yarn package quality and achieving a 20.24% reduction in pressure fluctuations. These results address key technical issues in contact pressure control within the industry, providing an innovative solution for enhancing the quality of precision wound yarn packages.