Laser-Treated MXene as an Electrochemical Agent to Boost Properties of Semitransparent Photoelectrode Based on Titania Nanotubes

In this study, Ti 3 C 2 T x underwent laser treatment to reshape it, resulting in the formation of a TiO 2 /Ti 3 C 2 T x heterojunction. The interaction with laser light induced the formation of spherical TiO 2 composed of an anatase–rutile phase on the Ti 3 C 2 T x surface. Such a heterostructure was loaded over a titania nanotube (TNT) layer, and the surface area was enhanced through immersion in a TiCl 4 solution followed by thermal treatment. Consequently, the photon-to-electron conversion efficiency exhibits a 10-fold increase as compared to bare TNT. Moreover, for the sample produced with optimized conditions, five times higher photoactivity is observed in comparison to bare TNT. It was shown that under visible light irradiation the most photoactive heterojunction based on the tubular layer reveals a substantial drop in the charge transfer resistance of about 32% with respect to the dark condition. This can be attributed to the narrower band gaps of the modified material and improvement of the separation efficiency of the photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Overall results suggest that this investigation underscores TiO 2 /Ti 3 C 2 T x as a promising noble-metal-free material that enhances both the electrochemical and photoelectrochemical performances of electrode materials based on TNT that can be further used in light-harvesting applications.