journal article·2024-07-09Open access

Layer-Dependent Electromechanical Response in Twisted Graphene Moiré Superlattices

Hanhao Zhang, Yuanhao Wei, Yuhao Li, Shengsheng Lin, Jiarui Wang, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Jiangyu Li, Yi Shi, Xinran Wang, Yan Shi, Zaiyao Fei

ACS Nano· Volume 18· Issue 27

Abstract

The coupling of mechanical deformation and electrical stimuli at the nanoscale has been the subject of intense investigation in the realm of materials science. Recently, twisted van der Waals (vdW) materials have emerged as a platform for exploring exotic quantum states. These states are intimately tied to the formation of moiré superlattices, which can be visualized by directly exploiting the electromechanical response. However, the origin of the response, even in twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG), remains unsettled. Here, employing lateral piezoresponse force microscopy (LPFM), we investigate the electromechanical responses of marginally twisted graphene moiré superlattices with different layer thicknesses. We observe distinct LPFM amplitudes and spatial profiles in tBLG and twisted monolayer-bilayer graphene (tMBG), exhibiting effective in-plane piezoelectric coefficients of 0.05 and 0.35 pm/V, respectively. Force tuning experiments further underscored a marked divergence in their responses. The contrasting behaviors suggest different electromechanical couplings in tBLG and tMBG. In tBLG, the response near the domain walls is attributed to the flexoelectric effect, while in tMBG, the behaviors can be comprehended within the context of the piezoelectric effect. Our results not only provide insights into electromechanical and corporative effects in twisted vdW materials with different stacking symmetries but may also offer a way to engineer them at the nanoscale.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Mechanical and Optical Resonators · Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies · Graphene research and applications

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, China

State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, Jiangsu, China

National Key Laboratory of Spintronics, Nanjing University, Suzhou 215163, Jiangsu,China

Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan

Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan

Guangdong Provisional Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China

School of Integrated Circuits, Nanjing University, Suzhou 215163, Jiangsu, China

Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China

Funding

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology · National Key Research and Development Program of China · Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education · Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province · Japan Society for the Promotion of Science · National Natural Science Foundation of China

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