A Theory of Flame-Retardant Finishes

A survey of the newer flame retardants suggests a simple theory for their constitu tion. The molecule should be water-insoluble to achieve durability in laundering. A solvent-soluble organic molecule is therefore proposed. The ortho-phosphate group should be present in the molecule to dehydrate catalytically the cellulose substrate. The molecule should contain polymerizable groups to effect a permanency of finish. The molecule should contain halogen or other groupings to reduce the flammability of the gases of decomposition. The necessity to reduce this flammability is shown in anomalous results obtained with the Vertical-Bunsen test method. This is one of the failures of several treatments. The influence of other factors such as fabric weight and finish is discussed.