Toward environmental resilience in pulp and paper manufacturing: Water consumption and carbon dioxide emission reductions
Source abstract
Abstract
Pulp and paper manufacturing is a water- and energy-intensive industrial sector, necessitating improvement of its operational efficiency, as well as reduction of emissions to the maximum extent possible. This review focuses on the reduction of water consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions that originate in the pulp and paper industry (PPI). First, process simulation and optimization techniques used for water consumption reduction are reviewed. Then, techno-economic analyses of solvent-based CO2 capture from PPI are discussed. Additionally, key actions are proposed for enhancing water consumption reduction and CO2 capture in PPI.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Environmental Impact and Sustainability · Sustainable Industrial Ecology · Process Optimization and Integration
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (65)
Show source-provided references
1. Anon., “Industrial pollution,” Journal of Pollution Effects & Control, Longdom Publishing S.L., Brussels. Available [Online] https://www.longdom.org/scholarly/industrial-pollution-journals-articles-ppts-list-2683.html <09Sept2025>.
2. EPA, Production-Related Waste Managed by Industry, 2019 Total Disposal or Other Releases by Industry, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 2019. Available [Online] https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2021 01/documents/2019_tri_national_analy-sis_complete_report.pdf. <10Sept2025>.
3. Esmaeeli, A., Sarrafzadeh, M.-H., Zeighami, S., et.al.,Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 62(21): 8119(2023). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04393.10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04393 ↗
4. Lovelady, E.M., El-Halwagi, M., and Krishnagopalan, G.A., Int. J. Environ. Pollut. 29(1-3): 274(2007). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEP.2007.012807.10.1504/IJEP.2007.012807 ↗
5. “Maximizing your water efficiency: Water efficiency for board and paper production,” Valmet, Espoo, Finland. Available [Online] https://www.valmet.com/board-and-paper/sustainable-board-and-paper-production/water-efficiency/ <12Sept2025>.
6. Danielsson, M. and Spuhler, D., “Reduce water consumption in industry,” Factsheet, Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management Toolbox (SSWM), Berne, Switzerland. Available [Online] https://sswm.info/water-nutrient-cycle/water-use/hard-wares/optimisation-water-use-industries/reduce-water-consump-tion-in-industry. <10Sept2025>.10.3030/689271 ↗
7. Jacob, J., Kaipe, H., Couderc, F., et al., Chem. Eng. Commun. 189(2): 184(2002). https://doi.org/10.1080/00986440211836.10.1080/00986440211836 ↗
8. Chew, I.M.L., Tan, R., Ng, D.K.S., et al., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 47(23): 9485(2008). https://doi.org/10.1021/ie800072r.10.1021/ie800072r ↗
9. Manan, Z.A., Tan, Y.L., Foo, D.C.Y., et al., Int. J. Environ. Pollut. 29(1-3): 90(2007). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEP.2007.012798.10.1504/IJEP.2007.012798 ↗
10. Shafiei, S., Domenech, S., Koteles, R., et al., J. Cleaner Prod. 105: 146(2004).
11. Koppol, A.P.R., Bagajewicz, M.J., Dericks, B.J., et al., Adv. Environ. Res. 8(2): 151(2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1093-0191(02)00130-2.10.1016/S1093-0191(02)00130-2 ↗
12. Nguyen, K.L. and Hoadley, A., Appita J. 57(5): 395(2004).
13. Shukla, S.K., Kumar, V., Chakradhar, B., et al., J. Environ. Manage. 128: 602(2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.06.01210.1016/j.jenvman.2013.06.012 ↗
14. De Oliveira, K.D., Cardoso, M., Nicolato, R., Lat. Am. Appl. Res. 40(1): 81(2010).
15. Chew, I.M.L., Foo, D.C.Y., Bonhivers, J.-C., et al., Appl. Therm. Eng. 51(1-2): 393(2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.08.070.10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.08.070 ↗
16. “2020 AF&PA Sustainability Report,” American Forest & Paper Association (AF&PA), Washington, DC, 2020. Available [Online] https://www.afandpa.org/sites/default/files/2021-07/2020_AF-PA-Sustainability-Report.pdf <10Sept2025>
17. Charles, M., Narayan, K.B., Edmonds, J., et al., Energy Clim. Change 5: 100160(2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100160.10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100160 ↗
18. “Use of energy explained: Energy use in industry,” U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Washington, DC. Available [Online]. https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/use-of-energy/industry.php <10Sept2025>.10.2172/10176717 ↗
19. Orr, A., “Energy generation and use in the kraft pulp industry,” American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE), 1995. Available [Online] https://www.aceee.org/files/proceedings/1995/data/papers/SS95_Panel1_Paper04.pdf<10Sept2025>.
20. Onarheim, K., Santos, S., Kangas, P., et al., Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control 59: 58(2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2017.02.008.10.1016/j.ijggc.2017.02.008 ↗
21. Hektor, E. and Berntsson, T., Clean Technol. Environ. Policy 11:59(2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-008-0166-3.10.1007/s10098-008-0166-3 ↗
22. Möllersten, K., Gao, L., Yan, J., et al., Renewable Energy 29(9): 1583(2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2004.01.003.10.1016/j.renene.2004.01.003 ↗
23. Garðarsdóttir, S.Ó., Normann, F., Skagestad, R., et al., Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control 76: 111(2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.06.022.10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.06.022 ↗
24. “EPA’s treatment of biogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from stationary sources that use forest biomass for energy production,” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 2018.
25. Jönsson, J., Kjärstad, J., and Odenberger, M., “Perspectives on the potential for CCS in the European pulp and paper industry,” in Systems Perspectives on Biorefineries (B. Sandén and K. Pettersson, Eds.), Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, 2013, pp. 81-91.
26. Hubbe, M.A., Metts, J.R., Hermosilla, D., et al., BioResources 11(3): 7953(2016). https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.11.3.Hubbe.10.15376/biores.11.3.Hubbe ↗
27. Bajpai, P., Anaerobic Technology in Pulp and Paper Industry,” in “SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology” (J. Kacprzyk, Ed.), Springer Nature, Singapore, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4130-3.10.1007/978-981-10-4130-3_8 ↗
28. Brown, H.B., Ind. Eng. Chem. 48(12): 2151(1956). https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50564a031.10.1021/ie50564a031 ↗
29. Smook, G.A., Handbook for Pulp and Paper Technologists, 4th edn., TAPPI Press, Atlanta, Chap. 10.
30. “Water handling,” Valmet, Espoo, Finland. Available [Online] https://www.valmet.com/pulp/wood-handling/water-handling/ <10Sept2025>.
31. Ravnjak, D., Ilic´, G., Može, A., Chem. Biochem. Eng. Q. 18(1):13(2004).
32. Esmaeeli, A. and Sarrafzadeh, M.-H., J. Water Process Eng. 53: 103646(2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.103646.10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.103646 ↗
33. Dence, C.W. and Reeve, D.W., (Eds)., Pulp Bleaching: Principle and Practice, TAPPI Press, Atlanta, 1996.
34. Timaty, A.T. and Sikdar, S.K., (Eds.), Security of Industrial Water Supply and Management, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2011.10.1007/978-94-007-1805-0 ↗
35. Bryant, P.S., Woitkovich, C.P., and Malcolm, E.W., “Pulp and paper mill water usage in North America,” TAPPI Environ. Conf., TAPPI PRESS, Atlanta, 1996.
36. Dahlquist, E., Chem. Prod. Process Model. 3(1): (2008). https://doi.org/10.2202/1934-2659.1087.10.2202/1934-2659.1087 ↗
37. Jour, P., Lindgren, K., Gutke, K., et al., TAPPI J. 17(6): 353(2018). https://doi.org/10.32964/TJ17.06.353.10.32964/TJ17.06.353 ↗
38. Mansfield, M., “The use of water pinch analysis to determine optimum effluent treatment conditions for an integra ted pulp and paper mill,” MScEng. thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, 2005.
39. Savulescu, L., Poulin, B., Hammache, A., et al., Pulp Pap. Can. 106(9): 29(2005).
40. Liang, J., He, Y., Zhao, X., et al., IEEE Int. Conf. Bioinf. Biomed. Eng., IEEE, New York, 2008, p. 2753.
41. Towers, M., TAPPI J. 4(3): 15(2005).
42. Mateos-Espejel, E., Marinova, M., Bararpour, S., et al., Pulp Pap. Can. 111(3): 34(2010).
43. Keshtkar, M., Ammara, R., Perrier, M., et al., J-FOR 5(1): 24(2016).
44. Kermani, M., Périn-Levasseur, Z., Benali, M., et al., Comput. Chem. Eng. 102: 238(2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2016.11.043.10.1016/j.compchemeng.2016.11.043 ↗
45. Dogan, I. and Gürüz, G.A., Adv. Environ. Res. 8(3-4): 359(2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1093-0191(02)00116-8.10.1016/S1093-0191(02)00116-8 ↗
46. Shukla, S.K., Kumar, D., Kumar, V., et al., Environ. Eng. Manage. J. 12(12): 2435(2013). https://doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2013.295.10.30638/eemj.2013.295 ↗
47. Singh, V.P., Kumar, V., and Kumar, D., Proc. Appl. Math. Mech. 7(1): 2150045(2007). https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.200701110.10.1002/pamm.200701110 ↗
48. Chew, I.M.L., Foo, D.C.Y., Lam, H.L., et al., Chem. Eng. Trans. 25: 441(2011). https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1125074.
49. Ibric, N., Ahmetovic´, E., Kravanja, Z., et al., Energy 141: 2587(2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.07.018.10.1016/j.energy.2017.07.018 ↗
50. Atkins, M., Walmsley, M., Morrison, A., et al., Appita J. 65(2): 170(2012).
51. Onarheim, K., Santos, S., Kangas, P., et al., Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control 66: 60(2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2017.09.010.10.1016/j.ijggc.2017.09.010 ↗
52. Arasto, A., Onarheim, K., Tsupari, E., et al., Energy Procedia 63: 6756(2014).10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.711 ↗
53. Kuparinen, K., Vakkilainen, E., and Tynjälä, T., Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Change 24: 1213(2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-018-9833-9.10.1007/s11027-018-9833-9 ↗
54. Berntsson, T., Axegård, P., Backlund, B., et al., “Swedish pulp mill bio refineries: A vision of future possibilities,” Swedish Energy Agency: Eskilstuna, Gothenburg, 2008. Available [Online] https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/servlets/purl/951488 <17Sept2025>.
55. Onarheim, K., Kangas, P., Kaijaluoto, S., et al., “Techno-economic evaluation of retrofitting CCS in a market pulp mill and an inte-grated pulp and board mill,” IEAGHG, Cheltenham, UK, December 2016. Available [Online]. https://2016-10 Techno-Economic Evaluation of Retrofitting CCS in a market pulp mill and an inte-grated pulp and board mill.pdf <10Sept2025>.
56. Wu, X., Yu, Y., Qin, Z., et al., Energy Procedia 63: 1339(2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.143.10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.143 ↗
57. Nessi, E., Papadopoulos, A.I., and Seferlis, P., Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control 111: 103474(2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2021.103474.10.1016/j.ijggc.2021.103474 ↗
58. Sagues, W.J., Jameel, H., Sanchez, D.L., et al., Energy Environ. Sci. 13(8): 2243(2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/D0EE01107J.10.1039/D0EE01107J ↗
59. Möllersten, K., Yan, J., and Moreira, J.R., Biomass Bioenergy 25(3): 273(2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0961-9534(03)00013-8.10.1016/S0961-9534(03)00013-8 ↗
60. Hektor, E. and Berntsson, T., Energy Convers. Manage. 48(11): 3025(2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2007.06.043.10.1016/j.enconman.2007.06.043 ↗
61. Möllersten, K., Yan, J., and Westermark, M., Energy 28(7): 691(2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-5442(03)00002-1.10.1016/S0360-5442(03)00002-1 ↗
62. McGrail, B.P., Freeman, C.J., Brown, C.F., et al., Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control 9: 91(2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2012.03.009.10.1016/j.ijggc.2012.03.009 ↗
63. Nwaoha, C. and Tontiwachwuthikul, P., Appl. Energy 250:1202(2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.05.097.10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.05.097 ↗
64. Parkhi, A., Cremaschi, S., and Jiang, Z., IFAC-PapersOnLine 55(7): 284(2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.07.458.10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.07.458 ↗
65. Parkhi, A., Young, D., Cremaschi, S., et al., Discover Chem. Eng, 3: 8(2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43938-023-00024-7.10.1007/s43938-023-00024-7 ↗