A discrete element method to model coating layer mechanical properties with bimodal and pseudo-full particle size distributions
Source abstract
Abstract
The mechanical properties of paper coating layers are important in converting operations such as calendering, printing, and folding. While several experimental and theoretical studies have advanced our knowledge of these systems, a particle level understanding of issues like crack-at-the-fold are lacking. A discrete element method (DEM) model is used to describe bending and tension deformations of a coating layer. The particles in the model are either bimodal distributions or pseudo-full particle size distributions of spherical particles. The impact of particle size distribution on the predicted mechanical properties of the coating layer is reported. Inputs to the model include properties of the binder film and the binder concentration. The model predicts crack formation as a function of these parameters and also calculates the modulus, the maximum stress, and the strain-to-failure. The simulation results are compared to previous experimental results. Reasonable predictions were obtained for both tensile and bending for a range of latex-starch ratios and at various binder concentrations. The influence of particle packing density on mechanical properties is reported.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Material Properties and Processing · Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition · Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (26)
Show source-provided references
1. Sim, K., Youn, H.J., Oh, K.D., et al., Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 27(2) 445(2012). https://doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2012-27-02-p445-450.10.3183/npprj-2012-27-02-p445-450 ↗
2. Barbier, C., Rättö, P., and Hornatowska, J., “Coating models for an analysis of cracking behavior between folded paper and creased board,” TAPPI Adv. Coat. Fundam. Symp., 12th, TAPPI Press, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA, 2012.
3. Rättö, P. and Hornatowska, J., Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 25(4):495(2010). https://doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2010-25-04-p495-501.10.3183/npprj-2010-25-04-p495-501 ↗
4. Oh, K., Sim, K., Jung, Y.B., et al., Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 30(2):360(2015). https://doi.org/10.3183/NPPRJ-2015-30-02-p360-367.10.3183/NPPRJ-2015-30-02-p360-367 ↗
5. Barbier, C., Larsson, P.-L., and Ostlund, S., Compos. Struct. 67(4): 383(2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2004.01.024.10.1016/j.compstruct.2004.01.024 ↗
6. Alam, P., Toivakka, M., Carlsson, R., et al., J. Compos. Mater. 43(11): 1265(2009). https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998308104227.10.1177/0021998308104227 ↗
7. Rättö, P., J. Pulp Pap. Sci. 30(12): 335(2004).10.1159/000497564 ↗
8. Toivakka, M., Alam, P., Touaiti, F., et al., TAPPI J. 14(6): 373(2015). https://doi.org/10.32964/TJ14.6.373.10.32964/TJ14.6.373 ↗
9. Toivakka, M. and Bousfield, D., “Modeling of coating layer mechanical properties,” TAPPI Adv. Coat. Fundam. Symp., TAPPI Press, Atlanta, 2001.
10. Azadi, P., Farnood, R., and Yan, N., Comput. Mater. Sci. 42(1):50(2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2007.06.007.10.1016/j.commatsci.2007.06.007 ↗
11. Varney, D. and Bousfield, D., “Discrete element method to predict coating failure mechanisms,” PaperCon, TAPPI Press, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA, 2017.10.32964/tj17.01.21 ↗
12. Varney, D. and Bousfield, D., “Discrete element method to model cracking for two layer systems,” PaperCon, TAPPI Press, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA, 2018.10.32964/tj18.2.101 ↗
13. Azadi, P., Farnood, R., and Yan, N., Comput. Chem. Eng. 32(12): 3084(2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2008.05.001.10.1016/j.compchemeng.2008.05.001 ↗
14. Alam, P., Toivakka, M., Lazarus, E., et al., “On the mechanisms of wet and dry strength of paper coatings–Part 2–Modeling and simu-lation,” PaperCon, TAPPI Press, Atlanta, 2012.
15. Zhu, Z., Salminen, P., Chen, G., et al., “Mechanical properties of pigment coating composites containing starch,” TAPPI Adv. Coat. Fundam. Symp., 13th, TAPPI Press, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA, 2014.
16. Najafi, S.M.H., Tajvidi, M., and Bousfield, D.W., Prog. Org. Coat. 123: 138(2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2018.07.009.10.1016/j.porgcoat.2018.07.009 ↗
17. Varney, D. and Bousfield, D., “Improved discrete element method model to predict coating layer mechanical properties,” PaperCon, TAPPI Press, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA, 2016.
18. Prall, K.M., Shaler, S.M., and LePoutre, P.F., Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 15(5): 564(2000). https://doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2000-15-05-p564-571.10.3183/npprj-2000-15-05-p564-571 ↗
19. Raman, K., Bousfield, D.W., and Shaler, S.M., “Analyzing the effect of binder content on the mechanical properties of paper coatings,” TAPPI Coating–Papermakers Conf., TAPPI Press, Atlanta, 1998.
20. Varney, D., Bousfield, D., and Toivakka, M., “Discrete element method to model tension and bending for single layer 3-dimension systems,” PaperCon, TAPPI Press, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA, 2019.
21. Brouwers, H.J.H., Physical Rev. E 84: 042301(2011). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.84.042301.10.1103/PhysRevE.84.042301 ↗
22. Byholm, T., Toivakka, M., and Westerholm, J., Power Technol. 196(2): 139(2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2009.07.013.10.1016/j.powtec.2009.07.013 ↗
23. Corana, A., Marchesi, M., Martini, C., et al., ACM Trans. Math. Software 13(3): 262(1987). https://doi.org/10.1145/29380.29864.10.1145/29380.29864 ↗
24. Lam, D.C.C. and Nakagawa, M., “Effect of particle size distribution shape in bimodal packing,” in Advanced Materials ’93 (N. Mizutani, K.Akashi, T. Kimura, et al., Eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-81991-8.50032-7.10.1016/b978-0-444-81991-8.50032-7 ↗
25. Averardi, A., Cola, C., Zeltmann, S.E., et al., Mater. Today Commun. 24: 100964(2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.100964.10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.100964 ↗
26. Rättö, P., Hornatowska, J., and Barbier, C., Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 27(4): 714(2012). https://doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2012-27-04-p714-720.10.3183/npprj-2012-27-04-p714-720 ↗