Allocation of carbon dioxide emissions from key production steps in high-grade paper mills
Source abstract
Abstract
The pulp and paper sector is one of the seven most energy intensive industrial sectors. In the pulp and paper industry, carbon dioxide emissions mainly result from demands for power and steam. The paper industry could achieve reduced emission targets by considering the source of the emissions, replacing fuels, adapting renewable energies, and improving the energy efficiency of the production process. An emission allocation process based on key production steps was developed in which each unit of operation in the papermaking process was related to its share of emissions. Two high-grade paper mills were used as case studies for this allocation process. Because the selected boundaries were comparable, the results could be used by other mills to determine critical emission levels. In addition, the environmental goals of the papermaking industry could be achieved by applying these types of processes.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Environmental Policies and Emissions · Vehicle emissions and performance · Environmental Impact and Sustainability
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (21)
Show source-provided references
1. International Energy Agency, “Tracking industrial energy efficiency and CO2 emissions,” International Energy Agency, Paris, France, 2007. Available [Online] http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/tracking_emissions.pdf.10.1787/9789264030404-en ↗
2. European Environment Agency, “EEA greenhouse gas data viewer,” European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2011. Available [Online] http://dataservice.eea.europa.eu/PivotApp/pivot.aspx?pivotid=475.
3. Confederation of European Paper Industries (CEPI), “Sustainability Report /2009,” Confederation of European Paper Industries, Brussels, Belgium, 2009. Available [Online] http://www.cepi.org/node/845.10.1016/j.wasman.2015.02.028 ↗
4. Lapillonne, B., Sebi, C., and Pollier, K., “Energy efficiency trends in EU industry,” Odyssee Indicators, 2011. Available [Online] http://www.odysseeindicators.org/reports/industry/industry_eu_09.pdf.
5. Confederation of European Paper Industries (CEPI), “Position paper: CEPI welcomes 2050 Roadmap to a low carbon economy,”Confederation of European Paper Industries, Brussels, Belgium, 2011. Available [Online] http://www.cepi.org/system/files/public/documents/positionpapers/environment/2011/PP_2050-20110311-00027-01-E.pdf.10.1016/j.wasman.2015.02.028 ↗
6. World Resources Institute (WRI) and World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), “The Greenhouse Gas Protocol: a corporate accounting and reporting standard,” World Resources Institute, Washington, DC, USA, and World Business Council for Sustainable Development, Geneva, Switzerland, 2004. Available [Online] http://www.ghgprotocol.org/files/ghgp/public/ghg-protocol-revised.pdf.10.4324/9781351277525-29 ↗
7. International Council of Forest and Paper Associations (ICFPA), Climate Change Working Group, “Calculation tools for estimating greenhouse gas emissions for pulp and paper mills,” National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Corvalis, OR, USA, 2005. Available [Online] http://www.wbcsd.org/web/projects/forestry/pulp-and-paper-tool-guidance.pdf.
8. Francis, D.W., Towers, M.T., and Browne, T.C., Energy Cost Reduction in the Pulp and Paper Industry – An Energy Benchmarking Perspective, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada, 2002.
9. Phylipsen, D., Blok, K., Worrell, E., et al., Energy Policy 30(8): 663(2002).10.1016/S0301-4215(02)00023-X ↗
10. Avs¸ar, E. and Demirer, G.N., J. Cleaner Prod. 16(4): 422(2008).10.1016/j.jclepro.2006.07.042 ↗
11. Laurijssen, J., Marsidi, M., Westenbroek, A., et al., Resour., Conserv. Recycl. 54(12): 1208(2010).10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.03.016 ↗
12. Brown, D., Maréchal, F., and Paris, J., Appl. Therm. Eng. 25(7): 1067(2005).10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2004.07.024 ↗
13. Karlsson, M., Appl. Energy 88(3): 577(2011).10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.08.021 ↗
14. European Commission, “Integrated pollution prevention and control (IPPC): reference document on best available techniques in the pulp and paper industry,” European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Seville, Spain, 2001. Available [Online] http://eippcb.jrc.es/reference/BREF/ppm_bref_1201.pdf.
15. Möllersten, K., Yan, J., and Westermark, M., Energy 28(7): 691(2003).10.1016/S0360-5442(03)00002-1 ↗
16. Aldrich, R., Llauró, F.X., Puig, J., et al., J. Cleaner Prod. 19(9-10): 1072(2011).10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.02.014 ↗
17. Government of Spain, Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, “Inventory of greenhouse gases in Spain (1990-201106 series).” Available [Online] http://www.magrama.gob.es/en/calidad-y-evaluacion-ambiental/temas/sistema-espanol-deinventario-sei-/volumen2.aspx.
18. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Hayama, Japan, 2006.
19. Siitonen, S., Tuomaala, M., Suominne, M., et al., Appl. Energy 87(9): 2928(2010).10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.09.024 ↗
20. Siitonen, S. and Holmberg, H., Int. J. Energy Res. 36(3): 324(2012).10.1002/er.1794 ↗
21. European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, Directive 2012/27/EU (energy efficiency). Available [Online] http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2012:315:0001:0056:EN:PDF.