Examining interrelationships between caliper, bending, and tensile stiffness of paper in testing validation

"Researchers made a series of physical property measurements for various types of common paper and laminate products to obtain a wide range of basis weight, caliper, and other values. Several different techniques were used to obtain the same property results to examine differences. Specifically, tensile stiffness, bending stiffness, in-plane moduli, and soft- and hard-platen caliper were examined critically and shown to be interrelated through simple calculations. Ultrasonically measured stiffnesses and moduli were also used to verify the relative values of the measured properties. Comparison of measured to calculated bending stiffness is shown to be a method for validating measurement methods for lightweight low-stiffness samples in terms of selecting a proper test span and deflection when results from a chosen technique become questionable."