Life-cycle thinking in the pulp and paper industry, part 2: LCA studies and opportunities for development
Source abstract
Abstract
Part I of this study presented a critical survey of life-cycle assessment (LCA) applications in the pulp and paper industry. The objective of Part II is to characterize and understand the methodologies that have been used in reported LCA studies, including their limitations, and to identify opportunities for improvement of LCA methodologies. Factors examined include the type of LCA application, the source of the publication, the country of origin, the organization performing the study, the software used, and the degree of completeness of the study. We found that many LCA studies fail to include certain elements as defined by the standard International Organization for Standardization (ISO) methodology, in particular the quality assessment component. Most of the methodologies and databases used in the studies are appropriate for the European context, but not well adapted to North American specifics. There is, therefore, a need to develop North American methodologies and databases. Significant potential also exists for using LCA with other product and process analysis tools for enhanced decision-making.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Environmental Impact and Sustainability · Recycling and Waste Management Techniques · Recycled Aggregate Concrete Performance
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (26)
Show source-provided references
1. International Organization for Standardization (ISO), “Environmental management - Life cycle assessment -Principles and framework,” ISO 14040, ISO, Geneva, Switzerland (1997).10.1065/lca2005.03.001 ↗
2. Baumann, H. and Tillman, A.-M.,The Hitch-Hiker's Guide to LCA, Studentlitteratur, Lund, Sweden, p. 20 (2004).
3. Gaudreault, C., Samson, R., and Stuart, P.R., TAPPI J. 6(9): 3(2007).10.32964/TJ6.8.3 ↗
4. Ekvall, T., “System Expansion and Allocation in Life Cycle Assessment, with Implications for Wastepaper Management,” Ph.D. dissertation, Chalmers University, Gothenburg, Sweden (1999).
5. Japan Environmental Management Association for Industry, “LCA Project,” 2003. Available [online]http://www.jemai.or.jp/english/lca/project.cfm [June 2004].
6. KCL, KCL-ECO 4.0 LCA Software Offers Proven Performance, http://www1.kcl.fi/eco/softw.html [April 2006].
7. PRé Consultants, SimaPro 7,The Powerful Life Cycle Tool, http://www.pre.nl/simapro/ [April 2006].
8. ISO, “Environmental management - Life cycle assessment -Goal and scope definition and inventory analysis,” ISO 14041, ISO, Geneva (1998).10.3403/02057237 ↗
9. ISO, “Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Life cycle impact assessment,” ISO 14042, ISO, Geneva (2000).10.3403/02947441u ↗
10. ISO, “Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Life cycle interpretation,” ISO 14043, ISO, Geneva (2000).10.1007/bf02979166 ↗
11. Sevitz, J., Wastecon 2002 Congress, Shorten Publications (Pty) Ltd, Durban, South Africa (2002). Available [online] http://www.nedlac.org.za/research/fridge/plastics/life.pdf.
12. Bare, J.C., Norris, G.A., Pennington, D.W., et al., J. Ind. Ecol. 6(3-4): 49(2003).
13. Toffoletto, L., Bulle, C., Godin, J., et al., Int. J. LCA, 12(2):93(2007).10.1065/lca2005.12.242 ↗
14. Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories, Welcome to the Ecoinvent Centre, http://www.ecoinvent.ch/en/index.htm [April 2006].
15. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, U.S. Life-Cycle Inventory Database, http://www.nrel.gov/lci/ [April 2006].
16. Athena Institute, Athena Life Cycle Inventory Database, Merrickville, Ontario, Canada, http://www.athenasmi.ca/tools/database [April 2006].
17. University of Waterloo, Canadian Raw Material Database, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, http://crmd.uwaterloo.ca/ [April 2006].
18. Grant, T., James, K.L., Lundie, S., et al., “Stage 2 Report for Life Cycle Assessment for Paper and Packaging Waste Management Scenarios in Victoria,” 2001. Available [online] http://www.sustainability.vic.gov.au/resources/documents/Stage_2_Report_for_ LIfe_Cycle_Assess_for_Packaging_Waste_Mgm.pdf [June 2004]
19. Bengtsson, M., “Facts and interpretation in environmental assessments of products,” Ph.D. dissertation, Chalmers University, Gothenburg, Sweden (2002).
20. Ekvall, T. and Weidema, B.P., Int. J. of LCA 9(3): 161(2004).10.1007/BF02994190 ↗
21. Sonnemann, G., Castells, F., and Shuhmacher, M., Integrated Life Cycle Assessment and Risk Assessment for Industrial Processes, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, p. 13(2004).10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.02.017 ↗
22. Tukker, A., Environmental Impact Assessment Review 20(4): 435(2000).10.1016/S0195-9255(99)00045-1 ↗
23. Zobel, T., Almroth, C., Bresky, J., et al., J. Cleaner Production 10(4): 381(2002).10.1016/S0959-6526(01)00054-3 ↗
24. Sonnemann, G., Castells, F., and Shuhmacher, M., Integrated Life Cycle Assessment and Risk Assessment for Industrial Processes, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, p. 6 (2004).10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.02.017 ↗
25. Wising, U. and Stuart, P., Pulp Paper Can. 107(6): 25(2006).10.32964/TJ6.7.25 ↗
26. van Heiningen, A., Pulp Paper Can. 107(6): 38(2006).