Improvement in the Fock test for determining the reactivity of dissolving pulp
Source abstract
Abstract
The Fock test is widely used for assessing the reactivity of dissolving pulp. The objective of this study was to modify the method to improve the repeatability of the test. Various parameters that affect the repeatability of the Fock test were investigated. The results showed that Fock reactivity is dependent on testing conditions affecting the xanthation between cellulose and carbon disulfide, such as the moisture content of the pulp sample, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration, xanthation temperature, carbon disulfide dosage, and xanthation time. The repeatability of the test was significantly improved using the following modified testing procedure: air dried sample in the constant temperature/humidity room, xanthation temperature of 66°F (19°C) in a water bath, xanthation time of 3 h, NaOH concentration of 9% (w/w), and 1.3 mL carbon disulfide.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Lignin and Wood Chemistry · Advanced Cellulose Research Studies · Material Properties and Processing
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (30)
Show source-provided references
1. Sixta, H., Handbook of Pulp, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH& Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany, 2006.
2. Strunk, P., “Charcterization of cellulose pulps and the influcence of their properties on the process and production of viscose and cellulose ethers,” Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, 2012.
3. Köpcke, V., “Improvement on cellulose acessibility and reactivity of different wood pulps,” Licentiate thesis, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, 2008.
4. I barra, D., Köpcke, V., Larsson, P.T., et al., Bioresour. Technol. 101(19): 7416(2010).10.1016/j.biortech.2010.04.050 ↗
5. Fock, V.W., Das Papier 13(3): 92(1959).
6. E ngström, A.C., Ek, M., and Henriksson, G., Biomacromolecules 7(6): 2027(2006).10.1021/bm0509725 ↗
7. Köpcke, V., “Conversion of wood and non-wood paper-grade pulps to dissolving-grade pulps,” Doctoral thesis, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, 2010.10.1515/hf.2009.102 ↗
8. Nelson, M.L., Rousselle, M.A., Cangemi, S.J., et al., Textile Res. J. 40(10): 872(1970).10.1177/004051757004001002 ↗
9. Hopner, T., Jayme, G., and Urich, J.C., Papier 9(19/20): 476(1955).
10. Filpponen, I. and Argyropoulos, D.S., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 47(22): 8906(2008).10.1021/ie800936x ↗
11. Christoffersson, K.E., Sjöström, M., Edlund, U., et al., Cellulose 9(2): 159(2002).10.1023/A:1020108125490 ↗
12. R offael, E., Holzforschung 42(2): 135(1988).10.1515/hfsg.1988.42.2.135 ↗
13. Christoffersson, K.E., “Dissolving pulp- multivariate characterisation and analysis of reactivity and spectroscopic properties,” Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, 2005.
14. Kvarnlöf, N., “Activation of dissolving pulps prior to viscose preparation,” Doctoral thesis, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden, 2007.
15. Östberg, L., Håkansson, H., and Germgård, U., BioResources 7(1): 743(2012).10.15376/biores.7.1.743-755 ↗
16. Lin, Q., Chemical Fiber Technology, China Financial and Economic Publishing House, Beijing, China, 1965.
17. I rklei, V.M. and Goikhman, A.S., Fibre Chem. 20(1): 1(1988).10.1007/BF00544750 ↗
18. Gemci, R., Sci. Res. Essays 5(6): 560(2010).
19. E l-Ghany, N.A.A., Cellulose Chem. Technol. 46(1-2): 137(2012).
20. Javed, M.A. and Germgård, U., BioResources 6(3): 2581(2011).10.15376/biores.6.3.2581-2591 ↗
21. Klemm, D., Philipp, B., Heinze, T., et al., Eds., Comprehensive Cellulose Chemistry, WILEY-VCH Verlag,Weinheim, Germany, 1998, Vol. 1, pp. 56-58.10.1002/3527601937 ↗
22. R ichter, G.A. and Glidden, K.E., Ind. Eng. Chem. 32(4): 480(1940).10.1021/ie50364a008 ↗
23. Bergh, M., “Absorbent cellulose based fibers: Investigation of carboxylation and sulfonation of cellulose,” M.S. thesis, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden, 2011.
24. Stepanova, G.A., Grishchenko, V.I., Pakshver, A.B., et al., Fibre Chem. 12(1): 44(1980).10.1007/BF00549219 ↗
25. Stepanova, G.A., Pakshver, A.B., and Kaller, A.L., Fibre Chem. 14(1): 27(1982).10.1007/BF00548040 ↗
26. W oodings, C. (Ed.), Regenerated Cellulose Fibers, Woodhead Publishing Limited, Cambridge, England, 2001, p. 47.
27. Kotek, R., in Handbook of Fiber Chemistry (M. Lewin, Ed.) 3rd edn., Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2007, Chap. 10.
28. R assolov, O.P. and Finger, G.G., Fibre Chem. 13(4): 238(1981).10.1007/BF02396539 ↗
29. Kuzicheva, N.A., Filicheva, T.B., Fedotova, V.K., et al., Fibre Chem. 21(1): 22(1989).10.1007/BF00545416 ↗
30. Xu, F., 人造纤维 (Artifical Fiber) 34(4): 4(2004).