A versatile GdFeO3/NiO@g-C3N4 ternary hetero-structure photo catalyst for effective photo-degradation and adsorption of tetracycline and ciprofloxacin from wastewater
Source abstract
Abstract
In modern times, effective removal of pharmaceutical effluents from wastewater is considered an alarming issue. In our research efforts, we have synthesized NiO and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3N 4)-decorated ternary GdFeO 3/NiO@g-C 3N 4 heterostructure nanocomposites (NCs) for the enhanced removal of tetracycline (TC) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibiotics from wastewater. The GdFeO 3 nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated using a facile one-pot hydrothermal approach and the ternary NCs via an ultra-sonication approach. The structural investigation of the as-fabricated materials revealed single-phase GdFeO 3 and the effective fabrication of GdFeO 3/NiO@g-C 3N 4 NCs. Morphological analysis exhibited a round, spherical flake-like structure with heterogeneous morphology. The BET and I-V analysis exhibited improved surface and electrical features and was observed to be 43, 87, and 117 m 2/g and 6.51 × 10 −4 S/m, 3.67 × 10 −2 S/m, and 84.81 S/m for GdFeO 3 NPs, GdFeO 3/NiO NPs, and GdFeO 3/NiO@g-C 3N 4 NCs, respectively. A decline in the PL intensity was observed, which exhibited the excellent separation and stabilization of the photo-genic charge pair’s. Optical band gap energy for GdFeO 3 NPs, GdFeO 3/NiO NPs, and GdFeO 3/NiO@g-C 3N 4 NCs was observed to be 2.34, 2.19, and 2.03 (eV), respectively. The GdFeO 3/NiO@g-C 3N 4 NCs show excellent photo-degradation of CIP and TC antibiotics under visible light, achieving 92.42 % and 94.23 % in 45 min with 4.7 % and 5.1 % removal via adsorption. Reusability testing exhibited only 1.3 % loss in catalytic activities after 5 runs. The h +, •O 2 -, and the ( •OH) radicals are the primarily involved in the photo-degradation of CIP and TC. The g-C 3N 4-based GdFeO 3/NiO@g-C 3N 4 NCs with their highly conducting nature, the narrow band gap, improved electrical and optical properties, well-porous structures, and excellent photocatalytic activities against environmental pollutants might have advantageous applications in photo-catalysis.
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Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques · Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors · Copper-based nanomaterials and applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
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