journal article·2020-04-28

Highly Reversible and Rapid Sodium Storage in GeP3 with Synergistic Effect from Outside-In Optimization

Ting Wang, Kai Zhang, Mihui Park, Vincent Wing-hei Lau, Haihua Wang, Jiliang Zhang, Jing Zhang, Ruirui Zhao, Yusuke Yamauchi, Yong-Mook Kang

ACS Nano· Volume 14· Issue 4
Publisher page

Abstract

The composite GeP3/C@rGO as a sodium ion battery anode material was fabricated by introducing a carbon matrix into GeP3 through high-energy ball milling, followed by encapsulating the resultant composite with graphene via a solution-based ultrasonic method. To delineate the individual role of carbon matrix and graphene, material characterization and electrochemical analyses were performed for GeP3/C@rGO and three other samples: bare GeP3, GeP3 with graphene coating (GeP3@rGO), and GeP3 with carbon matrix (GeP3/C). GeP3/C@rGO exhibits the highest electric conductivity (5.89 × 10–1 S cm–1) and the largest surface area (167.85 m2 g–1) among the four samples. The as-prepared GeP3/C@rGO delivered a reversible high capacity of 1084 mA h g–1 at 50 mA g–1, excellent rate capacity (435.4 mA h g–1 at a high rate of 5 A g–1), and long-term cycling stability (400 cycles with a reversible capacity of 823.3 mA h g–1 at 0.2 A g–1), all of which outperform the other three samples. The kinetics investigation reveals a “pseudocapacitive behavior” in GeP3/C and GeP3/C@rGO, where solely faradic reactions took place in bare GeP3 and GeP3@rGO with a typical “battery behavior”. Based on ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ex-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the carbon matrix serves to activate and stabilize the interior of the composite, while the graphene protects and restrains the exterior surface. Benefiting from the synergistic combination of these two components, GeP3/C@rGO achieved extremely stable cycling stability as well as outstanding rate performance.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Advancements in Battery Materials · Semiconductor materials and devices · Graphene research and applications

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea

Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea

College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, 710021, People’s Republic of China

School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangdong Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China

School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia

Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, People’s Republic of China

International Center for Materials Nanoarchitechtonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan

Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea

Funding

Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China · National Research Foundation of Korea · Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning · National Natural Science Foundation of China · Shaanxi Province

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