journal article·2012-08-28

Robust Surface Doping of Bi2Se3 by Rubidium Intercalation

Marco Bianchi, Richard C. Hatch, Zheshen Li, Philip Hofmann, Fei Song, Jianli Mi, Bo B. Iversen, Zakaria M. Abd El-Fattah, Peter Löptien, Lihui Zhou, Alexander A. Khajetoorians, Jens Wiebe, Roland Wiesendanger, Justin W. Wells

ACS Nano· Volume 6· Issue 8
Publisher page

Abstract

Rubidium adsorption on the surface of the topological insulator Bi(2)Se(3) is found to induce a strong downward band bending, leading to the appearance of a quantum-confined two-dimensional electron gas state (2DEG) in the conduction band. The 2DEG shows a strong Rashba-type spin-orbit splitting, and it has previously been pointed out that this has relevance to nanoscale spintronics devices. The adsorption of Rb atoms, on the other hand, renders the surface very reactive, and exposure to oxygen leads to a rapid degrading of the 2DEG. We show that intercalating the Rb atoms, presumably into the van der Waals gaps in the quintuple layer structure of Bi(2)Se(3), drastically reduces the surface reactivity while not affecting the promising electronic structure. The intercalation process is observed above room temperature and accelerated with increasing initial Rb coverage, an effect that is ascribed to the Coulomb interaction between the charged Rb ions. Coulomb repulsion is also thought to be responsible for a uniform distribution of Rb on the surface.
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Affiliations

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

Zernike Institute of Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands, and Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway

Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain

Institute of Applied Physics, Hamburg University, Jungiusstrasse 11, 20355 Hamburg, Germany

MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Sweden, and Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway

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