Engineering a High‐Affinity Monoclonal Antibody for Thiram Immunoassays and Protection

ABSTRACT Thiram (TMTD), a widely used dithiocarbamate fungicide, provokes oxidative hepatotoxicity, yet practical strategies for its detection and immunoprotection remain scarce. Here we develop an antibody‐enabled framework integrating detection, therapy, and prevention against TMTD. In the murine model, we characterized the dose‐dependent hepatic injury induced by TMTD. Guided by rational C ₃ /C ₇ hapten design, we then generate a monoclonal antibody with high affinity. Building on this reagent, we create a portable immunodetection platform that couples Au nanoflowers with an Au/Ir@Zn/Cu‐MOF probe, achieving an IC ₅₀ of 0.246 µg/mL. To evaluate protective efficacy, we demonstrated that passive immunization conferred a clear time‐dependent therapeutic benefit: mortality decreased from 37.5% in the TMTD‐poisoned group to 0% with treatment at 15 or 30 min and to 12.5% with treatment at 60 min, while improving body weight, liver function, and oxidative‐stress markers. Complementarily, active immunization with TMTD‐BSA elicited high antibody titers and conferred complete survival with graded histopathological protection. Together, this work offers an integrated detection‐to‐protection strategy that effectively bridges immunodetection with immune protection against TMTD‐induced toxicity.