Phototriggered RNase H‐Powered Patterning of Caged DNA/RNA‐Functionalized Interfaces Using DNA‐Modified Particles, Liposomes, and Cells as Rolling Motors

Abstract Patterning of photoresponsive RNA/DNA monolayer interfaces by DNA‐modified rolling motor particles consisting of SiO₂ particles, liposomes and cells is described. The DNA/RNA interface is composed of o‐nitrobenzyl phosphate caged RNA hairpin/DNA monolayer. Photochemical uncaging of the interfaces (λ = 365 nm) activates the interface toward binding of the DNA‐modified particle frameworks, and in the presence of RNase H stimulates the patterning of the interface by the rolling motor particles. While photoactivation of the entire interface leads to random patterning by rolling motors, photolithographic or/and localized laser confocal microscopy of the surface leads to directional patterning of the photoactivated confined interface domains by the DNA‐modified rolling motor frameworks. Moreover, dictated DNA‐bridged rolling motor particle assemblies lead to dictated linear patterns that are disrupted into random patterning paths by auxiliary triggered separation of the particle dimers. Furthermore, a method to transform cells into rolling motor patterning frameworks by integration of DNA tetrahedra into the cell membrane is introduced.