journal article·2025-09

Activating Stable Multielectron Transfer via High‐Frequency Na + Jumping for a Sc‐doped Na 3.97 VMn 0.97 Sc 0.03 (PO 4 ) 3

Hui Gao, Cheng Peng, Rui Xu, Hao Teng, Jiahui Jiang, Hao Liu, Zheyi Zou, GuoJun Li, Qiong Zheng, Xianfeng Li

Small· Volume 21· Issue 38
Publisher page

Abstract

Abstract The Na 4 VMn(PO 4 ) 3 (NVMP) cathode is considered one of the most promising candidates for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), but it suffers from a low capacity due to the limited kinetics of V 3+ /V 4+ and Mn 2+ /Mn 3+ in the electrochemical reaction. A higher capacity can be achieved by activating a redox pair with high valence states like V 4+ /V 5+ . However, activation of those redox pairs in conventional NVMP cathode requires a redox potential beyond 4.0 V (vs Na + /Na) and induces serious structural degradation. Herein, a scandium (Sc)‐doped Na 3.97 VMn 0.97 Sc 0.03 (PO 4 ) 3 is designed, which activates multielectron transfer while effectively mitigating reversibility compromises by configuring a rational voltage range. The capacity can be improved by 16.7% to 113.8 mAh g −1 based on more electron transfer from 1.75e − to 2.05 e − , which is mainly attributed to the accelerated redox reactions of V 3+ /V 4+ and Mn 2+ /Mn 3+ within 2.0–3.8 V (vs Na + /Na). The enhanced kinetics are achieved by faster Na + diffusion kinetics via high‐frequency Na + jumping, which originates from enriched V Na ′ vacancy by Sc doping. The improved kinetics also ameliorate grain uniformity during repeatable charge‐discharge cycling, leading to an excellent capacity retention of 80.2% after 1400 cycles at 5C. These findings offer a promising pathway toward facile and controllable multi‐electron transfer cathodes.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures · Analytical Chemistry and Sensors · Electron Spin Resonance Studies

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

School of Materials Science and Engineering Dalian Jiaotong University Dalian 116028 China

Division of Energy Storage Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China

School of Materials Science and Engineering Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China

Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yulin University Yulin 719000 PR China

Funding

National Key Research and Development Program of China · Chinese Academy of Sciences · National Natural Science Foundation of China · Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences · Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

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