journal article·2025-10Open access

Augmented 3D Printing for Multiscale Microphysiological Systems

Kyeong Seob Hwang, Jiyoung Song, Hyun Wook Kang, Jongbaeg Kim, Cheol Woo Ha, Nakwon Choi, Seokyoung Bang, Hong Nam Kim

Small· Volume 21· Issue 43

Abstract

Abstract Microphysiological systems (MPS) can recapitulate physiological features of human organs; however, existing engineering techniques are limited to fabricating sophisticated and functional MPS. Although 3D printing offers the potential to enhance the complexity of MPS and simplify the fabrication process, existing 3D‐printed MPS suffer from challenges in fabricating multiscale structures spanning nanometers to centimeters. Recent studies suggested that these issues can be addressed by integrating multiscale ancillary techniques into 3D printing. In this review, an overview of augmented 3D‐printing techniques is provided, combined with multiscale ancillary techniques for multiscale MPS fabrication, which are termed augmented 3D‐printing techniques. It starts by providing an overview of 3D‐printing methods and relevant multiscale ancillary techniques. Then, recent developments are highlighted in augmented 3D‐printed MPS that show features that surpass those of conventional systems. This augmented approach opens the door to MPS with more physiologically relevant structures and functions, thereby marking a significant step forward in next‐generation tissue engineering.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: 3D Printing in Biomedical Research · Neuroscience and Neural Engineering · Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Brain Science Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea

School of Mechanical Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea

School of Mechanical Engineering Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea

Korea Additive Manufacturing Innovation Center Korea Institute of Industrial Technology Siheung‐si 15014 Republic of Korea

Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea

Department of Convergence Medicine College of Medicine Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea

Institute of Human Genetics College of Medicine Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea

Research Institute for Convergence Biomedical Science College of Medicine Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea

Department of Biomedical Engineering Dongguk University Goyang 10326 Republic of Korea

Division of Bio‐Medical Science & Technology KIST School Korea University of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea

Yonsei‐KIST Convergence Research Institute Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea

Funding

National Research Foundation of Korea

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