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journal article·2025-06Open access

Two‐Dimensional Polycyclodextrins for Strong Multivalent Host‐Guest Interactions at Biointerfaces

Zahra Goudarzi, Zahra Mohammadi, Reza Maleki, Siamak Beyranvand, Chuanxiong Nie, Mohammad Fardin Gholami, Özge Akkaya, Mahdieh Kalantari, Mohammad Nemati, Fatemeh Yousufvand, Fatemeh Shahverdi, Marzieh Rashidipour, Zainab Ahmadian, Ievgen Donskyi, Philip Nickl, Marek Brzeziński, Kai Ludwig, Jürgen P. Rabe, Raul Arenal, Cheng Chong, Angelo H. ALL, Mohsen Adeli

Small· Volume 21· Issue 23
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Abstract

Abstract While 2D polymers with aromatic backbones have been increasingly receiving interest from various scientific disciplines, their nonaromatic counterparts are less investigated. In this work, 2D poly(β‐cyclodextrin)s (2D‐CDs) with few hundred nanometers to millimeters lateral sizes and 0.7 nm thickness are synthesized using graphene and boron nitride as colloidal templates and used for multivalent host‐guest interactions with biological systems. Deposition of cyclodextrins on graphene and boron nitride templates followed by lateral crosslinking and template detachment resulted in 2D‐CDs with different physicochemical properties. The size of the 2D‐CDs is dominated by noncovalent interactions between cyclodextrins and templates. While an interaction energy of −224.3 kJ mol−1 at the interface between graphene and cyclodextrin led to few hundred nanometer 2D‐CDs, boron nitride with weaker interactions (−179.4 kJ mol−1) resulted in polymers with millimeters lateral sizes. The secondary hydroxyl groups of 2D‐CDs are changed to sodium sulfate, and 2D polymers with the ability of simultaneous host‐guest and electrostatic interactions with biosystems including vessel plaques and herpes simplex virus (HSV) are obtained. The sulfated 2D‐CDs (2D‐CDSs) show a high ability for virus binding (IC50 = 6 µg mL−1). Owing to their carbohydrate backbone, 2D‐CDs are novel heparin mimetics that can be formulated for efficient inhibition of viral infections.
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Research context

PolymersNanomaterialsMaterials processing

OpenAlex topics: Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications · Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Chemistry Lorestan University Khorramabad 6815144316 Iran

Department of Chemical Technologies Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST) Tehran 33535111 Iran

Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany

Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Newtonstrasse 15 12489 Berlin Germany

Environmental Health Research Center Lorestan University of Medical Sciences Khorramabad 6816889468 Iran

Department of Pharmaceutics School of Pharmacy Lorestan University of Medical Sciences Khorramabad 6815144311 Iran

BAM – Federal Institute for Material Science and Testing, Division of Surface Analysis and Interfacial Chemistry Unter den Eichen 44–46 12205 Berlin Germany

Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 Łódź 90‐363 Poland

Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie and Core Facility BioSupraMol Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 36a 14195 Berlin Germany

Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragon (INMA) CSIC‐Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50009 Spain

Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA) Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50018 Spain

Fundacion ARAID Zaragoza 50018 Spain

College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China

Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR 999077 China

Funding

Iran Science Elites Federation · Iran National Science Foundation · Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung · Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

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