journal article·2025-04Open access

Noncollinear Magnetism in Fe 3 O 4 Induced via Site‐Selective Rare‐Earth Substitution Boosting Its Saturation Magnetization

Haining Li, Masaki Kobayashi, Sonju Kou, Md Shamim Sarker, E M K Ikball Ahamed, Kohei Yamagami, Tetsuya Fukushima, Kaijie Ma, Shuting Ma, Takahito Takeda, Ryo Okano, M. Hussein N. Assadi, Hiroyasu Yamahara, Hiroshi Katayama‐Yoshida, Hitoshi Tabata, Munetoshi Seki

Small· Volume 21· Issue 13

Abstract

Abstract Substituting rare‐earth Eu ions with a large atomic number into 3 d transition metal oxides can precisely control their magnetic properties through significant spin‐orbit coupling, leading to noncollinear magnetism. Experimental investigations are combined with density functional theory to explore site‐selective Eu 3+ substitution as a strategy to enhance the magnetic properties of Fe 3 O 4 thin films. The substitution location of Eu 3+ , that is, octahedral versus tetrahedral, is confirmed by electrical resistivities and valence band photoemission measurements. Tetrahedrally Eu‐substituted Fe 3 O 4 exhibited an exceptionally enhanced saturation magnetization M S of up to 4.4 μ B /f.u. because of noncollinearity, whereas octahedrally Eu‐substituted Fe 3 O 4 showed significantly reduced M S . X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements clearly revealed that in the tetrahedrally Eu‐substituted Fe 3 O 4 , the Eu 3+ magnetic moment positively contributed to the orbital magnetic moment that exhibited strong magnetic anisotropy. The deviation of the observed M S from the lower value predicted by Néel's theory of collinear ferrimagnetism further supported the role of noncollinearity. These results provide empirical evidence for the spin configuration of tetrahedrally Eu‐substituted Fe 3 O 4 and a new perspective for designing practical ferrimagnetic 4 f compounds with exceptional M S .
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Magnetic Properties and Synthesis of Ferrites · Multiferroics and related materials · Advanced Condensed Matter Physics

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku Tokyo 113–8656 Japan

Center for Spintronics Research Network Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku Tokyo 113–8656 Japan

Department of Bioengineering Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku Tokyo 113–8656 Japan

Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) 1‐1‐1 Kouto Sayo Hyogo 679–5198 Japan

Center for Spintronics Research Network Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University 1–3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560–8531 Japan

Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 1‐1‐1 Umezono Tsukuba Ibaraki 305–8560 Japan

Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology The College of Arts & Sciences Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA

Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1‐3‐1 Kagamiyama, Higashi Hiroshima 739–8526 Japan

RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science 2‐1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351–0198 Japan

Chemistry Department Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Istinye University Sarıyer Istanbul 34396 Türkiye

Funding

University of Tokyo · Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development · Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology

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