Ultrathin Metal Crystals: Growth on Supported Graphene Surfaces and Applications

Abstract Controlled nucleation and growth of metal clusters in metal deposition processes is a long‐standing issue for thin‐film‐based electronic devices. When metal atoms are deposited on solid surfaces, unintended defects sites always lead to a heterogeneous nucleation, resulting in a spatially nonuniform nucleation with irregular growth rates for individual nuclei, resulting in a rough film that requires a thicker film to be deposited to reach the percolation threshold. In the present study, it is shown that substrate‐supported graphene promotes the lateral 2D growth of metal atoms on the graphene. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that 2D metallic single crystals are grown epitaxially on supported graphene surfaces while a pristine graphene layer hardly yields any metal nucleation. A surface energy barrier calculation based on density functional theory predicts a suppression of diffusion of metal atoms on electronically perturbed graphene (supported graphene). 2D single Au crystals grown on supported graphene surfaces exhibit unusual near‐infrared plasmonic resonance, and the unique 2D growth of metal crystals and self‐healing nature of graphene lead to the formation of ultrathin, semitransparent, and biodegradable metallic thin films that could be utilized in various biomedical applications.