journal article·2026-06

Laser‐Induced Graphene for Pressure and Strain Sensors: Fabrication, Performance Optimization, and Applications

Penghui Chen, Jinjing Yang, Zhongxin Xu, Jing Zhang, Ziqin Wang, Junwei Huang, Lelun Jiang, Wentao Wang, Guanwei Liang, Shaochong Zhang, Shudong Yu

Small· Volume 22· Issue 31
Publisher page

Abstract

ABSTRACT Laser‐induced graphene (LIG)‐based pressure and strain sensors have emerged as key research topics in the field of flexible sensors, owing to LIG's exceptional electrical conductivity and mechanical properties since its introduction as a multifunctional material in 2014. This study reviews recent advances in these sensors. It first analyzes the sensing mechanisms of various types of pressure and strain sensors and discusses their performance metrics. At the level of fabrication processes, it provides an in‐depth examination of precursor material selection, optimization strategies for laser processing parameters, and considerations related to LIG transfer. The discussion then highlights three sensor optimization strategies. Furthermore, the study outlines the diverse applications of LIG‐based pressure and strain sensors in areas such as health monitoring, medical assistance, human–machine interfaces, robotic perception, and structural evaluation. Finally, it summarizes the current challenges and future prospects in LIG research.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials · Graphene research and applications · Thermal properties of materials

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

School of Advanced Manufacturing Sun Yat‐sen University Shenzhen China

Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument School of Biomedical Engineering Sun Yat‐sen University Shenzhen China

College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha China

School of Fashion and Textiles The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China

Shenzhen Eye Medical Center Shenzhen Eye Hospital Southern Medical University Shenzhen China

Funding

National Key Research and Development Program of China · Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program · Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province · Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China

References (100+)

Show source-provided references
1. 10.1038/s41928‐022‐00888‐710.1038/s41928‐022‐00888‐7 ↗
2. 10.26599/nr.2025.9490767310.26599/nr.2025.94907673 ↗
3. 10.1016/j.sna.2022.11413910.1016/j.sna.2022.114139 ↗
4. 10.1016/j.cej.2024.15879910.1016/j.cej.2024.158799 ↗
5. 10.1021/acsnano.4c0906210.1021/acsnano.4c09062 ↗
6. 10.1038/s41586‐022‐05579‐z10.1038/s41586‐022‐05579‐z ↗
7. 10.1021/acsaelm.0c0114310.1021/acsaelm.0c01143 ↗
8. 10.1126/sciadv.adv212410.1126/sciadv.adv2124 ↗
9. 10.1007/s12274‐021‐3441‐910.1007/s12274‐021‐3441‐9 ↗
10. 10.1088/2631‐7990/adb5dd10.1088/2631‐7990/adb5dd ↗
11. 10.1039/d4tc03547j10.1039/d4tc03547j ↗
12. 10.1002/smtd.20240011810.1002/smtd.202400118 ↗
13. 10.1038/ncomms671410.1038/ncomms6714 ↗
14. 10.1007/s42242‐024‐00300‐710.1007/s42242‐024‐00300‐7 ↗
15. 10.1088/2631‐7990/ad6aae10.1088/2631‐7990/ad6aae ↗
16. 10.1002/adfm.20240835410.1002/adfm.202408354 ↗
17. 10.1002/adma.20180362110.1002/adma.201803621 ↗
18. A.KathirvelandK.Settu “Laser‐Induced Graphene‐Based Flexible Strain Sensor for Human Finger Motion Detection ” in2024 IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP)(2024) https://doi.org/10.1109/TENSYMP61132.2024.10752140.10.1109/TENSYMP61132.2024.10752140 ↗
19. 10.1002/adfm.20240114910.1002/adfm.202401149 ↗
20. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.13668710.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136687 ↗
21. 10.1038/s41528‐022‐00161‐z10.1038/s41528‐022‐00161‐z ↗
22. 10.1016/j.snb.2020.12802610.1016/j.snb.2020.128026 ↗
23. 10.1016/j.enconman.2025.12029110.1016/j.enconman.2025.120291 ↗
24. 10.3390/s1922486710.3390/s19224867 ↗
25. 10.1002/smll.20250593110.1002/smll.202505931 ↗
26. 10.1039/d5mh01166c10.1039/d5mh01166c ↗
27. 10.1021/acsami.3c0768710.1021/acsami.3c07687 ↗
28. 10.1002/aenm.20180184010.1002/aenm.201801840 ↗
29. 10.3390/mi1410194010.3390/mi14101940 ↗
30. 10.1109/jsen.2023.334534410.1109/jsen.2023.3345344 ↗
31. 10.1021/acsami.4c0752910.1021/acsami.4c07529 ↗
32. 10.1021/acsanm.3c0041010.1021/acsanm.3c00410 ↗
33. 10.1016/j.taml.2021.10024010.1016/j.taml.2021.100240 ↗
34. 10.3390/nano1301016810.3390/nano13010168 ↗
35. 10.3390/coatings1301015510.3390/coatings13010155 ↗
36. 10.1021/acsnano.2c0131010.1021/acsnano.2c01310 ↗
37. 10.1109/jsen.2021.305498510.1109/jsen.2021.3054985 ↗
38. 10.3390/polym1517355310.3390/polym15173553 ↗
39. 10.1016/j.sna.2023.11446010.1016/j.sna.2023.114460 ↗
40. 10.1016/j.mset.2023.05.00410.1016/j.mset.2023.05.004 ↗
41. 10.1088/2058‐8585/abb93010.1088/2058‐8585/abb930 ↗
42. 10.3390/s2412390710.3390/s24123907 ↗
43. 10.1021/acsami.5b1135610.1021/acsami.5b11356 ↗
44. 10.1021/acsami.3c0012610.1021/acsami.3c00126 ↗
45. 10.1002/adfm.20210070910.1002/adfm.202100709 ↗
46. 10.1016/j.nanoen.2023.10822910.1016/j.nanoen.2023.108229 ↗
47. 10.3390/polym1601002610.3390/polym16010026 ↗
48. 10.1016/j.sna.2023.11499110.1016/j.sna.2023.114991 ↗
49. 10.1021/acssensors.4c0171710.1021/acssensors.4c01717 ↗
50. 10.20517/ss.2024.2010.20517/ss.2024.20 ↗
51. 10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.10935710.1016/j.nanoen.2024.109357 ↗
52. 10.1021/acsnano.4c1315610.1021/acsnano.4c13156 ↗
53. 10.1016/j.nanoen.2023.10878310.1016/j.nanoen.2023.108783 ↗
54. 10.1002/aisy.20240107110.1002/aisy.202401071 ↗
55. 10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.10858610.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108586 ↗
56. 10.1038/s41598‐024‐80158‐y10.1038/s41598‐024‐80158‐y ↗
57. 10.1021/acsomega.3c0906710.1021/acsomega.3c09067 ↗
58. 10.3390/s1916347710.3390/s19163477 ↗
59. 10.1007/s12274‐023‐5382‐y10.1007/s12274‐023‐5382‐y ↗
60. 10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.10709910.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107099 ↗
61. 10.1021/acsami.0c0277410.1021/acsami.0c02774 ↗
62. 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.46710.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.467 ↗
63. 10.1016/j.compag.2024.10918310.1016/j.compag.2024.109183 ↗
64. 10.1016/j.sna.2021.11265810.1016/j.sna.2021.112658 ↗
65. 10.1063/5.007766710.1063/5.0077667 ↗
66. 10.1016/j.cej.2022.13663110.1016/j.cej.2022.136631 ↗
67. 10.1039/d3tc04677j10.1039/d3tc04677j ↗
68. 10.1016/j.rsurfi.2024.10036210.1016/j.rsurfi.2024.100362 ↗
69. 10.1021/acsomega.3c0914110.1021/acsomega.3c09141 ↗
70. 10.1007/s11431‐021‐1899‐910.1007/s11431‐021‐1899‐9 ↗
71. 10.1088/1361‐6528/ad568810.1088/1361‐6528/ad5688 ↗
72. 10.1039/d2tc00953f10.1039/d2tc00953f ↗
73. 10.1109/jsen.2024.344863210.1109/jsen.2024.3448632 ↗
74. 10.1002/pat.647310.1002/pat.6473 ↗
75. 10.1088/1361‐6439/ac388d10.1088/1361‐6439/ac388d ↗
76. 10.1021/acsami.2c1550010.1021/acsami.2c15500 ↗
77. 10.1002/adfm.20220114710.1002/adfm.202201147 ↗
78. 10.1007/s10854‐022‐09421‐010.1007/s10854‐022‐09421‐0 ↗
79. 10.1016/j.sna.2023.11473510.1016/j.sna.2023.114735 ↗
80. 10.1002/admt.20230165810.1002/admt.202301658 ↗
81. 10.1021/acsami.2c1484710.1021/acsami.2c14847 ↗
82. 10.1002/smll.20240400110.1002/smll.202404001 ↗
83. 10.1021/acsami.4c0384410.1021/acsami.4c03844 ↗
84. 10.1109/jsen.2024.350390210.1109/jsen.2024.3503902 ↗
85. 10.1002/adfm.20231653310.1002/adfm.202316533 ↗
86. 10.1021/acsami.0c0314810.1021/acsami.0c03148 ↗
87. 10.1109/jsen.2024.343880110.1109/jsen.2024.3438801 ↗
88. 10.1016/j.apsusc.2023.15777210.1016/j.apsusc.2023.157772 ↗
89. 10.1021/acsomega.0c0233710.1021/acsomega.0c02337 ↗
90. 10.1002/admt.20220044110.1002/admt.202200441 ↗
91. 10.1021/acsanm.4c0282110.1021/acsanm.4c02821 ↗
92. L.Ivy V.Gund andB.Davaji “Laser‐Induced Graphene Pressure Sensors Manufactured via Inkjet PCB Printer : Locally Producing Super‐Sensitive and Cost‐Effective Circular Diaphragm Pressure Gauges ” in2022 IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems (FLEPS)(2022) https://doi.org/10.1109/FLEPS53764.2022.9781522.10.1109/FLEPS53764.2022.9781522 ↗
93. 10.1088/1361‐6528/ad529810.1088/1361‐6528/ad5298 ↗
94. 10.1021/acsami.9b1887310.1021/acsami.9b18873 ↗
95. 10.1016/j.carbon.2022.01.02010.1016/j.carbon.2022.01.020 ↗
96. 10.1039/c7nr01862b10.1039/c7nr01862b ↗
97. 10.1021/acsami.1c1268610.1021/acsami.1c12686 ↗
98. 10.1007/s11431‐024‐2789‐410.1007/s11431‐024‐2789‐4 ↗
99. 10.1002/adfm.20190277110.1002/adfm.201902771 ↗
100. 10.1016/j.cirp.2022.04.07710.1016/j.cirp.2022.04.077 ↗