Interfacial Self‐Assembly‐Assisted Nanoparticle Imprinting of Plasmonic Gratings with Particle‐Level Precision for Dynamic Flexible Holographic Displays

ABSTRACT Plasmonic nanogratings with structural color and diffraction capabilities are essential components of metasurface‐based optical systems. However, current methods for fabricating high‐fidelity nanograting pixels remain limited in scalability, material compatibility, and adaptability to curved or flexible surfaces. Herein, we present an interfacial self‐assembly assisted nanoparticle imprinting (ISA‐NPI) strategy for the template‐defined fabrication of submicron plasmonic gratings with high structural fidelity and broad substrate compatibility. This method combines self‐assembled nanoparticle films with template‐guided pattern transfer, enabling precise control over grating geometry, layer number, and interparticle spacing. Large‐area characterization confirms millimeter‐scale continuity and defect‐free nanograting lines, validating the scalability and pattern fidelity of the ISA‐NPI process. Integrated into metal‐insulator‐metal resonator stacks, the nanograting arrays exhibit tunable Fabry–Pérot resonances and angle‐selective diffraction with first‐order efficiencies up to 60%. This method combines self‐assembled nanoparticle films with mold‐guided pattern transfer, enabling precise control over grating geometry, layer number, and interparticle spacing.