journal article·2025-01Open access

Intelligent Generic High‐Throughput Oscillatory Shear Technology Fabricates Programmable Microrobots for Real‐Time Visual Guidance During Embolization

Xuqi Peng, Haitian Tang, Zhenwen Zhao, Yating Zheng, Xiran Gui, Aijun Jiang, Pan He, Xiaofei Wen, Qian Zhang, Ziyang Mei, Yesi Shi, Chengchao Chu, Yang Zhang, Gang Liu

Small· Volume 21· Issue 4

Abstract

Abstract Microrobots for endovascular embolization face challenges in precise delivery within dynamic blood vessels. Here, an intelligent generic high‐throughput oscillatory shear technology (iGHOST) is proposed to fabricate diversely programmable, multifunctional microrobots capable of real‐time visual guidance for in vivo endovascular embolization. Leveraging machine learning (ML), key synthesis parameters affecting the success and sphericity of the microrobots are identified. Therefore, the ML‐optimized iGHOST enables continuous production of uniform microrobots with programmable sizes (400−1000 µm) at an ultrahigh rate exceeding 240 mL h−1 by oscillatory segmenting fluid into droplets before ionic cross‐linking, and without requiring purification. Particularly, the iGHOST‐fabricated magnetically responsive lipiodol‐calcium alginate (MagLiCA) microrobots are highly distinguishable under X‐ray imaging, which allows for precise navigation in fluid flows of up to 4 mL min−1 and accurate embolization in liver and kidney blood vessels, thus addressing the current issues. Crucially, MagLiCA microrobots possess drug‐loading capabilities, enabling simultaneous embolization and site‐specific treatment. The iGHOST process is an intelligent, rapid, and green manufacturing method, which can produce size‐controllable, multifunctional microrobots with the potential for precise drug delivery and treatment under real‐time imaging across various medical applications.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Micro and Nano Robotics · Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation · Characterization and Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory School of Public Health Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China

Department of General Surgery Naval Medical Center of PLA Naval Medical University Shanghai 200052 China

Department of General Surgery Institute of Hepatobiliary‐Pancreatic‐Intestinal Diseases Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong 637000 China

Department of Vascular & Tumor Interventional Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University School of Medicine Xiamen University Xiamen 361000 China

Institute of Artificial Intelligence Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China

Eye Institute of Xiamen University Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science School of Medicine Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China

Shen Zhen Research Institute of Xiamen University Shenzhen 518057 China

Funding

Major State Basic Research Development Program of China · National Natural Science Foundation of China · Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities · China Postdoctoral Science Foundation · Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program · Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University · Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province

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