Minimizing the Carrier Collection Loss of the Neutral‐Color Transparent Crystalline‐silicon Solar Modules via Hybrid Electrode Design

Abstract Transparent solar cells can be used where conventional solar cells are inapplicable, such as, in glass windows of buildings; however, reports on modularization, which is essential for their commercialization, are scarce. Here, a novel modularization method has been proposed for the fabrication of transparent solar cells and a 100‐cm²neutral‐color transparent crystalline‐silicon solar module has been developed using a hybrid electrode comprising a microgrid electrode and an edge busbar electrode. The transparent solar module exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.94 and 13.14% when connected in series and in parallel, respectively, with an average visible transmittance of 20%. Additionally, the module exhibits negligible losses in PCE (lower than 0.23%) in outdoor, mechanical‐load, and damp‐heat (at 85°C/85% RH) stability tests, indicating high stability. The transparent solar module proposes here could facilitate the commercialization of transparent solar cells.